Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 75

DRAINAGE MORPHOMETRY ANALYSIS,

THROUGHRS & GIS TECHNIQUE

A CASE STUDY IN AND AROUND

SEHORE TOWN, DISTRICT

SEHORE (M.P.) *Dr. D.R. Tiwari **Dr. Satish Chakravarty

*****Surendra Kumar KhatarkarResearch paper

The measurement of drainage parameters provides

the Hydrologist & Geomorphologist with the useful

numerical measure of landscape dissection & runoff

potential. Drainage Morphometry parameter, which is

calculated : -a.Bifurcation Ratio (for each stream order)

b. Total length of stream c. Mean length of stream d.

Basin area e. Length of Basin f. Width of Basin g.

Basin perimeter h. Basin circularity i. Basin elongation

j. Drainage density k. Constant of Channel

Maintenance l. Stream frequency (for each stream

order) m. Texture ratio (for each stream order) n. Height

of basin mouth o. Height of highest point of watershed

p. Total basin relief q. Relief ratio r. Rugedness no.

Study Area

The area under investigation is located in tehsil

Sehore district. The study area is bounded by this

study area under investigation is located in latitude

23o05' 23o15' and longitude 76o55’ 77o15' as per

Survey of India toposheet nos. 55A/16, and 55E/04

which covers an area of about 576 Sq. Km.

METHODOLOGY

Mapping of drainage pattern was carried out using

satellite data on 1:50,000 scale. Computation of

parameters required for morphometric analysis,

ordering, lengths, area etc. were estimated using G.I.S.

Technique. Geomorphological parameter of study area

were quantify using digitize drainage map. Important

parameter was thus derived by G.I.S. analysis, are

given below in the Tables.

Strahler’s method was used in order designation

of the stream network:- i. On a detail topographical

map the smallest head water tributaries of the basin

were identified and design as first order stream. ii.

Where two streams join second order segment was

form. iii. Where two second order streams unite third

order segment was formed and so on.

PARAMETERS OF DRAINAGE MORPHOLOGY

i. Bifurcation Ratio: - It is relation between no. of

streams of one order an of next higher order which was

obtain by dividing no. of streams in one order by the

no. of the stream in next highest order for all the orders

of the stream. These calculations were also based on

Strahler method. ii. Drainage Density: - This is a useful

measure of frequency and spacing of streams with in

drainage basin. Drainage density (Dd) is expressed in

km. Channel length per Km.Sq of basin area. Dd =

Total stream / Total basin area iii. Stream frequency :- It

is ratio of total no. of streams of any order & the area

of the basin in which its lies. i.e. F = Nu /Au where

F – Stream frequency of any order 1- 4 Au – Area of

basin where stream lies Nu – No. of streams of any

order 1-4 iv. Texture ratio:-It is the ratio of total no.

stream of any order & perimeter of the area which it

lays. This quantitative analysis of drainage networks

was developed –

o To enable compressions to be made between

different drainage basins. o To enable relationships

between different aspects of drainage pattern of same

basin. o To define certain useful properties of drainage

basins in numerical terms The measurement of drainage

density provides a hydrologist or geomorphologist

with a useful numerical measure of landscape

dissection and runoff potential. On a highly permeable

landscape, with small potential for runoff, drainage

densities are sometimes less than 1 kilometer per

square kilometer. On highly dissected surfaces

* Asstt. Professor Govt. M.V.M. College, Bhopal

** Project Scientist, M.P. Council of Science & Technology, Bhopal

***Research Scholar Govt. M.V.M. CollegeBhopal

76 ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)

densities of over 500 kilometers per square kilometer

are often reported. Closer investigations of the

processes responsible for drainage density variation

has discovered that a number of factors collectively

influence stream density. These factors include climate,

topography, soil infiltration capacity, vegetation, and

geology. Linking of Geomorphological parameters with

hydrological characteristics of basin provides a simple

way to understand the hydrologic behavior of different

basins. The geomorphological properties which are

important from hydrological studies point of view

includes linear, aerial and relief aspect of watersheds.

G.I.S. analysis made the computation of parameter

required for morphometric analysis easier & less time

consuming then manual method like area measurement,

Length measurement & calculations etc.

OVERALL DRAINAGE MORPHOMETRY ANALYSIS RESULTS OF THE STUDY AREA

· Chow, V.T.(1968), Applied Hydrology, McGraw-HillInc. ,New York · Gazetteer of India(1970),MadhyaPradesh state · Gupta, R.S.(1989), Hydrology andHydraulics systems, Prentice Hall, New Jersy ·Hydrology in Practice(1983), Second edition,Chapman and Hall, London, New York ·Hydrology(section)1972,-soil conservationservice(SCS)National Engineering Aerial Book ,USA ·Project report of Bhoj wetland(project on Upper-lowerlake of Bhopal ,M.P. funded by Overseas EconomicCooperation Fund(OCEF), Japan in September 1993)· Salas, J.D. Handbook of Hydrology ,McGraw-HillInc.,New York. · Vijay P. Singh,(1992), Prentice –Hall of India, Pvt. Limited

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