Chapter 7.2

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Goal 1:

Describe the structures and function of the cell nucleus

• Nuclear Envelope

• Surrounds nuclear contents

• Phospholipid bilayer membrane

• Nuclear pores regulate molecule movement

• Proteins

• RNA

TEM picture

• Chromatin

• DNA bound to

proteins

• Stores genetic

material

• Loosely floating

• Chromosomes

• Condensed

chromatin

• Cell division

• Contains DNA =

genetic material

• Nucleolus

• Small dense region

• Ribosome

assembly

• Summary of Nucleic Functions

• Access to nucleic materials regulated

• Contains genetic material as DNA

• DNA prepared for cell division

• First step in ribosome formation

Goal 2

Describe the structures and

functions of the major cell

organelles

• Ribosomes

• RNA and protein

• Rough

endoplasmic

reticulum

• Build protein chains

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Near the nucleus

• Ribosomes assemble proteins here RER

• Lipids assembled on SER

• Toxins are detoxified

• Golgi Apparatus

• Closely stacked membranes

• Modify, sort, package proteins and

lipids

• Stores

• Transports for secretion

• Lysosomes

• Small enzyme filled sac

• Breaks down biomolecules & organelles

• Tay-Sach’s disease

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exothermic/2611995050/in/set-72157605406260833/

lysosomes

• Vacuole

• Used for storage

• Water , salts, proteins, carbohydrates

• Central vacuole in plants

• Contractile vacuole in paramecium

Contractile vacuoleContractile vacuole Central vacuoleCentral vacuole

• Mitochondria

• Chemical energy conversion

• Organelle with own double

membrane

• Human mitochondria passed on by

maternal ovum

• Contains own DNA

• Chloroplasts

• Photosynthesis

• Stacks of green membranes

• Convert suns energy into chemical energy

• Contains own DNA

Goal 3

Identify the main roles of the

cytoskeleton

• Cytoskeleton

• Protein filaments

• Maintains cell

shape

• Cell movement

• Centrioles

• Only in animal cells

• Organizes cell parts during cell division

• Microfilaments

• Thread-like, made of Actin

• Provides flexible support and movement

• Microtubules

• Hollow tubes made of tubulin

• Provides support

• Cell division

• Cilia and flagella for cell movement

Cilia & Flagella