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International Centre of Insect Physiology
and Ecology (icipe)
Suresh Raina
African Insect Science for Food and Health
The 4Hs paradigm — Major Programme Areas Human Health Animal Health Plant Health Environmental Health
Capacity Building Universal Throughout All Programmes
Research Departments —
Disciplinary Expertise:
chemistry, Biochemistry,
Micro-biology, Pathology
and biological control
Research Units Expertise in GIS, Statistics, socio-economics R&D Support,
Collaborative support: National Forest services (KFS), Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) and National Agriculture research system
How we work
Biodiversity and Forest Conservation
Bioprospecting
Commercial insects.
Climate change Mitigation
Environmental Health Division
AIM: Insect-based enterprises using value
chain approach Increase the outreach and
sustainability of the Silkmoth
and honey bee-based
community driven
enterprises.
Deliver income generating
services to African Farmers
Promote bee and silkmoth
biodiversity conservation in
the regions to enhance
pollination services for food
security
6TH AFRICA AGRICULTURE SCIENCE WEEK
AND FARA GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Theme: Africa Feeding Africa through
Agricultural Science and Innovation
African reference laboratory (with satellite
stations) for the management of pollinator bee
diseases and pests for food security
Suresh Raina
icipe, Nairobi
Accra International Conference Centre, Accra, Ghana
15-20 July 2013
Why focus on bee health biodiversity research and policy across
African continent ?
Biodiversity of Insect pollinator species are in decline globally due to: • Human interference in their habitat • Forest depletion and pestcidal pollution • Attack of diseases and pests and colony losses
An African centre for the management of pollinator
bee diseases and pests for food security
• Bee diseases and pests do not respect borders, therefore requiring regional and continental approaches.
• Information pertaining to bee health (pesticides and chemical residues in honey or implications in pollination of plants), are generic problems
• Basic regulations and guidelines for their control should be harmonised and promoted across Africa. Therefore, icipe plans to develop:
What do we know?
Managed honeybee declining
in USA, possibly EU
Wild pollinators declining in UK, EU and USA
Many crops need pollinators
People need pollinated crops and honey
African bee colonies are invaded by pests and diseases
Level of dependence on animal-
mediated pollination.
After Klein A et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2007;274:303-313, FAOSTAT 2005
Major food crops and their level of dependence
on animal pollination
Only crops that produce fruits or seeds for direct human
use as food were considered
Impact of Pollination Level in Strawberry Quality
SOURCE: Protocol to detect and assess pollination deficits in crops: a handbook for its use. FAO 2011
Case study: strawberry
Wider value
forage
cattle Crops, orchards & allotments
wild plant communities
honey
POLLINATORS
FOOD SECURITY, CONSUMER CHOICE & HEALTHY DIET
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
- soil fertility - flood protection - water purification - cultural landscapes
€11-33M
€497 M €10’s M
many € billions €100’s M
BIODIVERSITY
What do we NOT know? Is crop pollination limiting agricultural production in Africa ?
Impact of climate change on bee diseases and pests in Africa
Status of bee diseases and pests in African continent
Monetary valuation of pollination services in Africa
Are people affected by pollinator losses ?
Potential production losses due to the lack of insects
Pollination distribution of vulnerability ratio across Africa
Klaus Mithoefer GIS Analyst
GIS data management
spatial analysis
model building
geo-statistics
GIS AND MAPPING
Colony collapse disorder in US: Serious Pollinators decline
• The serious decline of honeybee populations in Europe and the USA (van
Engelsdorp, 2007, 2008), commonly referred to as the colony collapse disorder
(CCD), has alarmed governments, conservationists and the private sector.
Source , MYRMECOS: Alex Wild on insects, science, and photography
Possible African Pollinators decline
• The possibility and effects of a similar pollinator decline in Africa would seriously harm the livelihoods of millions of rural resource-poor farmers.
• Therefore, the proper conservation of honeybees in Africa must be ensured so that colony losses experienced in other parts of the world are not repeated in Africa.( Raina et.al 2011)
• In addition, we need to protect the genetic diversity represented by the different African wild honey bee populations (Hepburn and Radloff, 1998).
Spread of Varroa and other diseases
and pests in Africa
• Fries and Raina (2003) reported very low level of American foulbrood disease in large parts of Africa.
• However, the recently confirmed presence of the Varroa mites, brood diseases and Paenibacillus larvae spores in Sub Saharan and North Africa(Hansen et al., 2003; Saleh 2006, Frazier et al., 2010) are likely to compromise honeybee health and consequently honeybee productivity in this region of the world.
• This has raised concerns that these highly devastating mites, and probably so far undiagnosed honeybee diseases, could be widespread in Africa.
The purpose of the programme
Establish a Centre for Bee Diseases and Pests
(CBDP Africa) at icipe Kenya and four satellite
stations (one each in Cameroon , Ethiopia,
Burkina Faso and Liberia)partnering AU-IBAR to
generate knowledge regarding bee diseases and
pests and their control measures for the Farmers
Federation (FF) and beekeepers at large.
Objective
• Develop field based working modules for bee
diseases and pests management with policy
options to protect bee colonies and scale up
honey production and pollination services for
crop production and access to markets in Africa
and beyond (export)
Results and Activities • Result 1 Bee health facilities for innovative technologies and
provision of pests risk analysis baselines and benchmarks established – Activity 1.1. Refurbishment of research and training centre in
Kenya (Bio-safety level-2). – Activity 1.2. Refurbishment of four national research and
development satellite stations in East, Central and West Africa (Biosafety level -1).
– Activity 1.3. Equipping of facilities with diagnostic tools for surveillance and detection of bee diseases in African colonies.
– Activity 1.4. Setting up model apiaries at NARS and farmers fields to demonstrate the application of intervention logics and scaling up hive products and pollination services at each project sites.
– Activity 1.5. Develop screen houses at NARS/national beekeeping stations for demonstrating and training FF in the use of various bee species for pollinating food crops.
– Activity 1.6. Establish one marketplace for processing, packaging trading of honey and hive products in each participating country
• Result 2: Development of validated bee disease and pest management modules with efficient field based diagnostic tools. – Activity 2.1. Mapping of bee biodiversity and health factors using
species distribution model and dynamic vegetation modeling. – Activity2.2. Mapping of bee diseases distribution in modern,
traditional and feral bee colonies, pollen source and spatial analysis of land use and other environmental factors.
– Activity 2.3. Investigating behavioural mechanisms of African honeybees’ tolerance against the invasion of Varroa mite and brood diseases.
– Activity 2.4. Develop effective methods to detect pesticides hazards in the bee hive products
– Activity 2.5. Evaluate bee health hazard and risk through effective technology of Morphometrics and DNA finger printing
– Activity 2.6. Development of plant based bio-pesticide for bee diseases and pests and production of Over 200,000 pieces of bee pest and disease control products for Farmers Federations/beekeepers in 5 countries in Africa.
Result 3: Enhanced awareness on the honeybee health and create conducive environment for enhanced bee disease control, access to markets, and consumer safety.
• Activity 3.1. Organize effective multi-stakeholder partnerships and mechanisms for the development of policy, institutional and market options for bee health and pollination services for food security.
• Activity 3.2. Develop policy frameworks for sustainable bee health, apiculture and pollination services.
• Activity 3.3. Carry out environmental impact study on bees and pollination services.
• Activity 3.4. Enhance capacities for timely collection, analysis and sharing of accurate sanitary information;
• Activity 3.5. Strengthen Africa’s participation in standard setting organizations (OIE and Codex Alimentarius) on standards setting process for bees and bee products.
• Activity 3.6. Identify market constraints and opportunities for honey and hive products and investment opportunities of bee products and pollination services
Result 4: Capacity of beekeepers/farmers’ federations, RECs and NARS on bee health management systems and policy options strengthened • Activity 4.1. Establish/strengthen producer organizations for input
supply management and cooperative marketing • Activity 4.2. Enhance the capacity of beekeepers associations NARS
and RECs to acquire information and utilize improved bee health technologies/innovations;
• Activity 4.3. Develop a regional database on pollination services and bee health research and development outputs;
• Activity 4.4. Strengthen the capacities of Farmers federations/beekeepers NARS and RECs to analyze the value chain of pollination services and priority beehive products, and the commercial policies of the agricultural sector;
• Activity 4.5. Develop and promote bee health knowledge management systems through bee health value chain analysis
Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa
• This project is in line with the European
Union’s strategy as per the Advancing African
Agriculture (AAA) document.
• The EU/AAA provides a long-term framework
for assistance, has a continental scope with a
focus on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and is
aligned with the AU and related organisations
such as AU-IBAR.
Venue: icipe headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya.
23th to 25th September 2013
INCEPTION PHASE- BEE HEALTH
PROJECT AFRICA
STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOP AND
1ST PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEE
MEETING
Thank you
Announcement