Pigeonpea in

Tropical Legumes-II

(Objective 6) Annual Review & Planning Meeting, Bamako, Mali.

November 17, 2009

• Food, Feed

• Fuel-wood, Fodder

• Bio – fertilizer • Nutrient recycling

• Drought tolerant

• Performs in low fertility

An ideal plant for sustainable agriculture

Photo-period sensitive Out-crossing

It is a different legume

Global area, production, & yield

Key Partners ASIA

ICRISAT- Patancheru,

PDKV- Akola, Mah.

ANGRAU- Hyderabad,

ESA

•  ICRISAT- Nairobi

•  SARI- Arusha, TNZ

•  IARI- Ilonga, TNZ

•  CARS - Lilongwe, Malawi

Project Locations in India

Maharashtra

Akola

Washim

Andhra Pradesh

Rangareddy Mahab’nagar

Project Locations ESA 1. Tanzania • Babati & Karatu

districts

2. Malawi • Southern and central

Outputs Methodologies Farmer preferred varieties

Participatory variety selection (M &B trials), farmers’ opinion

Drought tolerance*

Eval. at expt stn. in rain-fed areas*

Wilt + SM dis. resistance

Screening in sick plots with >95% disease incidence

Insect resistance Choice / no-choice conditions

Yield enhancement

Hybrid breeding, seed prodn tech, & on-farm evaluation, link’s with seed companies

OUTPUT : FARMER PREFERRED VARIETIES

Progress : Milestone achieved

Seed distribution under progress

Participn: Asia = 978, ESA = 1554

FPVS Trials, A. P. Mother trials: 4

Design : 3 Reps Entries : 6 +1

Baby trials : 16 Entries : 2 + 1

- PRG 158 •  Asha (n = 407)

Varieties Preferred in Ranga Reddy A.P.

1.  Asha 2.  PRG 158 (n = 295 )

Varieties Preferred in Mahabubnagar, A.P.

FPVS Trials, Mah

Mother trials: 6 Reps : 2 Entries : 7 +2

Baby trials: 16 Entries : 2 + 1

1. PKV Trombay

2. AKT 8811 ( n = 276 )

Varieties Preferred in Maha (n = 276)

PVS in Tanzania 49 FPVS (6 var) with 1554 farmers (30% W)

Farmer preferred varieties : ICEAPs 00053, 040, 936, & 932

PVS in Malawi Centl Malawi 26 FPVS

Preferred var. 01514/15, 01167/11, 01162/21

South Malawi, 27 FPVS Preferred Var:: ICEAP 00577 00926

Preferred Traits in India Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra

High grain yield (-do-) + good vigor* Round medium bold grains

(-do-) + brown seed*

Resistance to Fusarium wilt

(-do-)

Resistance to SM (-do-)

Easy milling* Pod borer resist*

Preferred Traits in ESA Malawi Tanzania

High yield -do- large cream seeds

-do-

Fusarium resistance

-do-

Early maturity -do-

Drought Screening Progress: On-going (Adv lines ) ICRISAT : 50 lines eva. (2+1* prom)

PDKV Akola : 32 lines eva. (no sel)

ANGRAU : 52 lines eva. (1+1* prom)

Disease Resistance • ICRISAT: 327 lines Adv lines : 85 (18) R- lines : 192 (22) A- & B- lines : 50 (12)

•  Akola : 30 lines •  Hyd’bad : 90 lines

Yr. 2 screening in progress

New wilt resistant lines bred

Tanzania (5) Acc 74,128, 125, 130 & 135

Malawi (9) ICEAP # 01203, 01197, 01179, 01160, 01392, 00933, 00040, 00926 & 01499/7

Pod Borer Screening Yr 1. Field screening completed

• 146 germplasm accessions 19 inter-specific derivatives 107 prog (ICPW 94 x ICP 28 )

• Promising germplasm

ICP 995, ICP 1279, ICP 6128, ICP 8840, ICP 10397, ICP 8863, ICP 332, ICPL 187-1

Maharashtra

•  45 training programs (896 M + 30 W)

•  7 Field days (330 M + 21 W)

Andhra Pradesh

•  8 Trng prog (1213 M + 296 W) •  5 Field days (284 M + 48 W) •  One training workshop (250 M

+70 W), •  31 resource persons trained.

Capacity Enhancement

Malawi

•  Grain Legume Task Force meeting in March 2009. •  Trained 50 frontline extension staff trained (43 males

and 7 females)

Tanzania

•  6200 farmers(40% F) trained •  Agronomy training to 8 farmers groups, 22

extension officers •  ToT training for 14 stakeholders in BS and value

chain

Capacity Enhancement- contd..

Capacity Enhancement

 One female Ph.D. student from Tanzania registered with Sokoine University of Agriculture

 Two Ph.D. students from MAU Parbhani, and OU have started research program

Farmer Friendly Literature-ESA

Malawi • Manual for pigeonpea production in

English & Chichewa published

Tanzania • A draft information bulletin in

Kiswahili is in progress in Tanzania.

Information Bulletins- Asia 1. Tur Lagwad Aani Bijotpadan

Tantragyan (Pigeonpea cultivation and seed production technology).

2. Tur Lagwad Tantragyan (Pigeonpea cultivation technology).

3. Kandi Eittanotpattialo Melakuvalu (Pigeonpea seed production technology).

4. Kandi Panta Yajamanya Paddatiulu (Package of practices for pigeonpea).

5. Kandi Samagra Sasyarakshna (IPM technology in pigeonpea).

Breeding Hybrids for High Yield

• Major activities - evaluation (MLT + OFT) - breeding new parents/hybrids - training - links with seed sector

•  Marketed by seed companies

•  Medium duration

•  Resistant to diseases

Hybrids at pre-release stage ICPH – 2671 & ICPH 2740

Yield Gains in OFTs 20 – 90 %

Yield of ICPH 2671 in MLTs

(n=43)

Yield of ICPH 2740 in MLTs

(n=33)

Large - scale OFTs, 2008 States No of

farmers Area (ha) Mean yield (kg ha-1)

Hybrid Check % Adv

Mah 109 42 1031 754 36.7

A.P. 299 121 792 674 17.5

Karnataka 95 92 1131 951 18.9

M.P. 360 82 1280 1062 20.5

Total 863 337 ha 1058 860 23.0

New Promising Hybrids Medium-duration

ICPH 3464 , ICPH 2740, ICPH 3462,

ICPH 3341, ICPH 4022, ICPH 4020

Short-duration

ICPH 2433, ICPH 2431, ICPH 2438

Standard Heterosis up to 150%

•  Parental lines tested for polymorphism with 148 SSRs

•  Two markers (CCB4 & CCttc006) used for hybridity confirmation

Micro-satellite polymorphism between parental lines and hybrids

R- line

CMS line

Hyb loc 2

Hyb loc 1

Linkage between genomics &

Marker – based purity test

Lessons Learnt  Develop region - specific hybrids/varieties

 Study abiotic stresses (drought and water-logging ) to address challenges of climate

  Phytophthora blight becoming important

 Broad-based training of farmers essential

 Enhance links with seed comp

 Enhance links with genomics

Challenges Strategies (ASIA)

Yield plateau Breed high-yielding hybrids Narrow planting window

Photo –thermal insensitivity

Insect damage Introgression from wild spp Seed quality Maintenance breeding Water-logging Identify resistant genotypes Drought Extra-early lines, hybrids Pb, Fusarium wilt, Use DOMINANT gene for

wilt resis; new res sources

Challenges Strategies (ESA)

Yield Breed high-yielding var. Inadequate Goverment

support

Better leverage & representation

Insect damage Introgression Demand & supply gap

Strengthen seed system

Linkages among stakeholders

Strength linkages

Training Enhance opportunities

Vision for Phase II  Introduce pigeonpea in new niches (low &

med hills)

 Expand FP- varieties in project areas

 Enhance genetic variability by exploiting

- Genes from wild species

- African x Asian origin crosses

 Initiate research on water- logging & early season drought

Vision for Hybrid Breeding - increase area**

- diversify parents**

- expand partnership base** - Introduce hybrid tech. in ESA - specific training (students, seed

production, quality maintenance) - Use genomics tools (one crop / year)

Low and mid hills (up to 2200 m) A potential niche

for expanding pigeonpea area

Potential area = >500,000 ha Technology is available

Example;; Nainital, 1630 m

Rudrap’g, Pigeonpea at 2200 m

Thanks for your attention