The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

A Brief RundownA Brief Rundown

Section 1: Defining an Section 1: Defining an American CultureAmerican Culture

Creating a REAL Creating a REAL American Culture!American Culture!

RealismRealism was was a new way of writing that tried a new way of writing that tried to show adventure and excitement in the to show adventure and excitement in the every day lives of Americansevery day lives of Americans, as opposed to , as opposed to fantastic stories about adventures that most fantastic stories about adventures that most people would never have a chance of people would never have a chance of experiencingexperiencing

Authors, like Jack London, told tales of Authors, like Jack London, told tales of people who worked every day jobs, and were people who worked every day jobs, and were put into dangerous situations on a daily basisput into dangerous situations on a daily basis

Samuel ClemensSamuel Clemens

This This author wrote tales about life prior to author wrote tales about life prior to the Civil War on the Mississippi Riverthe Civil War on the Mississippi River..

Utilized regional speech patterns, Utilized regional speech patterns, and has been criticized forand has been criticized forhis use of harsh language, his use of harsh language, and controversial statementsand controversial statementsabout American culture.about American culture.

You might know him asYou might know him asMark TwainMark Twain

Section 2: The Industrial Section 2: The Industrial Revolution BeginsRevolution Begins

A Wealth of ResourcesA Wealth of Resources

Fortunately for the United States, Iron Ore Fortunately for the United States, Iron Ore and Coal were relatively easy to find, and and Coal were relatively easy to find, and in high supply and demand.in high supply and demand.

These resources would provide the basic These resources would provide the basic building blocks for the industrial revolution.building blocks for the industrial revolution.

A Major New DiscoveryA Major New Discovery

Among the first develops that sparked this Among the first develops that sparked this Industrial Revolution was Industrial Revolution was Edwin Drake’sEdwin Drake’s discovery of oil and a new process for discovery of oil and a new process for pumping it out of the ground in Titusville, pumping it out of the ground in Titusville, PA in 1858.PA in 1858.

Oil was important because it could be Oil was important because it could be used for heating purposes, and as we used for heating purposes, and as we would later find, for propulsion in would later find, for propulsion in combustion engines.combustion engines.

Titusvillian Colonel Edwin Drake: Titusvillian Colonel Edwin Drake: Some Things Don’t ChangeSome Things Don’t Change

The American Industrial The American Industrial Revolution BeginsRevolution Begins

Companies began to realize that if they Companies began to realize that if they tried to produce goods in a big factory tried to produce goods in a big factory setting, they could make more money.setting, they could make more money.They also began to realize that by using They also began to realize that by using cheaper materials, they could make even cheaper materials, they could make even more money.more money.This became known as an This became known as an Economy of Economy of Scale: Scale: More Goods Produced + Cheaper More Goods Produced + Cheaper Materials = MORE PROFITMaterials = MORE PROFIT … …

But we all know But we all know Mo’ Money, Mo’ ProblemsMo’ Money, Mo’ Problems

Carnegie and the Carnegie and the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie applied the economy of applied the economy of scale method to the Steel industry here in scale method to the Steel industry here in Pittsburgh.Pittsburgh.

Carnegie found that Carnegie found that by finding a new way by finding a new way to make steel, he could make more to make steel, he could make more money, with cheaper materials, do it money, with cheaper materials, do it faster, and make it stronger.faster, and make it stronger.

Mr. CarnegieMr. CarnegieYou’re probably guessing I’m thinking something deep…but Burritos were a bad choice…

How He Did ItHow He Did ItCarnegie utilized the Carnegie utilized the Bessemer ProcessBessemer Process, , which which provided a new method for provided a new method for converting raw materials into steel very converting raw materials into steel very quickly and efficiently.quickly and efficiently.

Carnegie’s Problem…Carnegie’s Problem…

Carnegie used a process called Carnegie used a process called Vertical Vertical Integration Integration to to control the companies he control the companies he used to get and transport his raw materials used to get and transport his raw materials from. This means he bought:from. This means he bought:– Coal, Iron, Nickel, and Limestone minesCoal, Iron, Nickel, and Limestone mines– Railroads and Riverboats that shipped Railroads and Riverboats that shipped

materialsmaterials– Steel Mills, Glass Factories, etcSteel Mills, Glass Factories, etc..

Carnegie’s Problem…Carnegie’s Problem…

Carnegie, and many others, eventually Carnegie, and many others, eventually came to hold a came to hold a MonopolyMonopoly over these over these industries.industries.

This occurs when one company comes This occurs when one company comes into control of an entire market.into control of an entire market.

A monopoly makes it more and more A monopoly makes it more and more difficult for competitors to enter the market.difficult for competitors to enter the market.

Go To Jail!!!Go To Jail!!!

As with anything new…As with anything new…

People begin to abuse and exploit these People begin to abuse and exploit these resources to a ridiculous level. resources to a ridiculous level. At first the government stuck to it’s At first the government stuck to it’s Laissez-FaireLaissez-Faire policy in which policy in which there was there was little regulation by the government over little regulation by the government over trade.trade.Americans would begin to realize that these Americans would begin to realize that these policies were causing some real harm. policies were causing some real harm.

The End ResultThe End Result

The government would decide that it The government would decide that it needed to put tariffs on incoming goods to needed to put tariffs on incoming goods to help make money, and to support help make money, and to support American made goods.American made goods.

Was this a good idea?Was this a good idea?

Captains of IndustryCaptains of IndustryOROR

Robber Barons?Robber Barons?

Hundreds of companies compete for the Hundreds of companies compete for the government’s Land Grants to build government’s Land Grants to build railroads all across the countryrailroads all across the country

If you were shipping goods across the If you were shipping goods across the country, you would have to pay the owners country, you would have to pay the owners of each individual line a different price to of each individual line a different price to ship your goodsship your goods

Captains of IndustryCaptains of IndustryOROR

Robber Barons?Robber Barons?Cornelius Vanderbilt Cornelius Vanderbilt starts buying and starts buying and combining a number of New York City rail combining a number of New York City rail lineslines, and within a few years would have , and within a few years would have control over a number of major lines.control over a number of major lines.

It’s True! All Great Men have GREAT Facial

Hair! FACT!!!

Captains of Industry Captains of Industry or or

Robber Barons?Robber Barons?John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller – –like Vanderbilt with the like Vanderbilt with the railroads, started with railroads, started with one oil refinery and then one oil refinery and then bought up many of his bought up many of his competitor’s oil refineriescompetitor’s oil refineries to create a company to create a company called the Standard Oil called the Standard Oil Trust, which controlled Trust, which controlled most of the oil production most of the oil production in America!in America!

Jay-Z ain’t got nothin’ on me…He just applied my ideas to the rap game!!!

Captains of Industry Captains of Industry or or

Robber Barons?Robber Barons?J.P. MorganJ.P. Morgan – started – started out as a banker, loaning out as a banker, loaning money to businesses money to businesses that were just starting that were just starting outout– As they began to As they began to

struggle Morgan would struggle Morgan would buy the business, use buy the business, use his own money to fix his own money to fix their problems and their problems and make huge profits!make huge profits!

You got the idea? I got the money! When you fail, I think it’s funny!

Land of the…FreeLand of the…Free

Land Grants Land Grants were provided by the were provided by the government to railroad companies.government to railroad companies.

This was This was money provided to railroad money provided to railroad companies so they could build their lines.companies so they could build their lines.

The Credit MobilierThe Credit Mobilier

Construction company that decided to Construction company that decided to grossly overcharge for certain contracts grossly overcharge for certain contracts dealing with railroad construction.dealing with railroad construction.After overcharging, investors pocketed the After overcharging, investors pocketed the money, and almost bankrupted the money, and almost bankrupted the railroad.railroad.The company then asked the government The company then asked the government for more money and a scandal was for more money and a scandal was uncovered.uncovered.

Age of Inventors and InnovationAge of Inventors and Innovation

Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell was an inventor was an inventor who toyed with electricity, and had the who toyed with electricity, and had the idea to use it as communication.idea to use it as communication.

Most revolutionary about this was that he Most revolutionary about this was that he was able to was able to transmit actual human voices transmit actual human voices over electric cables to deliver a message over electric cables to deliver a message with a device that we come to know as the with a device that we come to know as the Telephone!Telephone!

Age of Inventors and InnovationAge of Inventors and Innovation

Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison was another of the was another of the famed inventors of this period who we can famed inventors of this period who we can thank for giving us the lights above our thank for giving us the lights above our heads.heads.

Among Edison’s creations are the Among Edison’s creations are the phonograph, lightbulb, electric generator, phonograph, lightbulb, electric generator, and improved the battery and motion and improved the battery and motion picturespictures..

Age of Inventors and InnovationAge of Inventors and InnovationPeople and small companies had been building People and small companies had been building their own automobiles since the mid 1880’stheir own automobiles since the mid 1880’sIn 1908 In 1908 Henry FordHenry Ford used many Carnegie’s used many Carnegie’s ideas including vertical integration to design an ideas including vertical integration to design an assembly line for production of automobilesassembly line for production of automobilesImportant because more people were Important because more people were performing more simple tasks over and over performing more simple tasks over and over again, instead of building the whole car again, instead of building the whole car themselves, which makes the car much themselves, which makes the car much cheaper to make!cheaper to make!

Ford’s Assembly LineFord’s Assembly Line

The Air Up ThereThe Air Up There

For years people wanted to get off the For years people wanted to get off the groundground

Finally, the Finally, the Wright BrothersWright Brothers owners of owners of bicycle store, built a plane which actually bicycle store, built a plane which actually flew a short distance, making the idea of flew a short distance, making the idea of flight possible.flight possible.

History In Progress!!!History In Progress!!!

Section 3: Urbanization and Section 3: Urbanization and ImmigrationImmigration

Immigration in the Late 1800’sImmigration in the Late 1800’s

After 1865 immigration once again picked After 1865 immigration once again picked up heavily.up heavily.

Steady flow of immigrants continued from Steady flow of immigrants continued from Northwestern EuropeNorthwestern Europe

But the But the New Immigrants New Immigrants - - arrived arrived primarily from new places, Russia, Eastern primarily from new places, Russia, Eastern and Southern Europe, and Asiaand Southern Europe, and Asia..

Changing the CityChanging the City

When immigrants get to the cities, they When immigrants get to the cities, they settle in little neighborhoods close to settle in little neighborhoods close to people from similar countries or religionspeople from similar countries or religions

How would this affect the city’s feel do you How would this affect the city’s feel do you think?think?

Let’s play an application game!!!Let’s play an application game!!!

Problems for ImmigrantsProblems for Immigrants

One of the biggest problems these people One of the biggest problems these people have is have is AssimilationAssimilation or or when a new group when a new group gives up their old characteristics and gives up their old characteristics and traditions to become part of the host culturetraditions to become part of the host culture

Some tactics for assimilating immigrants Some tactics for assimilating immigrants included:included:– Citizenship TestsCitizenship Tests– Mandatory SchoolsMandatory Schools– Social ClubsSocial Clubs

Problems for ImmigrantsProblems for Immigrants

Immigrants will face plenty of Immigrants will face plenty of Nativism, orNativism, or the belief that only natural born Americans the belief that only natural born Americans should be given opportunities, not should be given opportunities, not immigrants.immigrants.– Many Nativists are referred to as W.A.S.P.’s – Many Nativists are referred to as W.A.S.P.’s –

White Anglo-Saxon ProtestantsWhite Anglo-Saxon Protestants

This breeds racism, and leads to tension This breeds racism, and leads to tension all throughout cities between various all throughout cities between various immigrant groups.immigrant groups.

What do we say to this?What do we say to this?

So how do immigrants become So how do immigrants become “Real Americans?”“Real Americans?”

• Reformers like Reformers like Jane Addams and her Hull House brought brought in immigrants and in immigrants and poor people to teach them poor people to teach them how to function in society!how to function in society!

Section 4: Workers During Section 4: Workers During the Industrial Revolutionthe Industrial Revolution

Click on the pic for a brief clipClick on the pic for a brief clip

And how did these people feel And how did these people feel about it?about it?

Union PowerUnion Power

Unions began to rise in prominence in an Unions began to rise in prominence in an attempt to provide solidarity among attempt to provide solidarity among workers.workers.

Trade UnionsTrade Unions were the earliest forms of were the earliest forms of these these in which people who utilized the in which people who utilized the same specific skillssame specific skills – Ex. Carpenters, Iron Molders, etc.Ex. Carpenters, Iron Molders, etc.

Trade UnionsTrade Unions

Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers is important because is important because he was he was the first leader of the American Federation of the first leader of the American Federation of LaborLabor– This union united a number of different trade union’s This union united a number of different trade union’s

under one banner to give them more strength and under one banner to give them more strength and bargaining power.bargaining power.

– Gompers preferred to Gompers preferred to negotiate through the negotiate through the process of Collective Bargaining withprocess of Collective Bargaining with business business owners rather than owners rather than strikingstriking..

– Tried to get owners to see the value in his skilled Tried to get owners to see the value in his skilled laborers expertiselaborers expertise

Industrial UnionsIndustrial Unions

Eventually this concept would catch on in Eventually this concept would catch on in other industries.other industries.

Industrial Unions Industrial Unions brought all people brought all people together who worked within a particular together who worked within a particular industry, usually with NO specialized skills.industry, usually with NO specialized skills.

It didn’t matter what they did, as long as It didn’t matter what they did, as long as they worked there.they worked there.

Big business owners hated these.Big business owners hated these.

Industrial UnionsIndustrial Unions

The The Knights of LaborKnights of Labor united railroad, united railroad, steel, oil, and other workers into one large steel, oil, and other workers into one large organization that worked to increase the organization that worked to increase the bargaining power of it’s non-skilled bargaining power of it’s non-skilled membersmembers– Among the things they wanted:Among the things they wanted:

An 8-Hour WorkdayAn 8-Hour Workday

Equal Pay for WomenEqual Pay for Women

Abolishment of Child LaborAbolishment of Child Labor

Worker-Owned Factories or Co-operativesWorker-Owned Factories or Co-operatives

Women in the WorkplaceWomen in the Workplace

Women were not treated with the same Women were not treated with the same respect and awarded the same types of respect and awarded the same types of contracts as males.contracts as males.

To battle this the To battle this the Women’s Trade Union Women’s Trade Union LeagueLeague was formed was formed demanding better demanding better treatment and wages for all women in the treatment and wages for all women in the workplace.workplace.

Major Union Moments pt. 1Major Union Moments pt. 1The Great Railroad Strike of 1877The Great Railroad Strike of 1877– Begun when workers wages are cut, workers decide Begun when workers wages are cut, workers decide

to strike, state militia won’t stop the strikes, President to strike, state militia won’t stop the strikes, President Hayes sends in National Army and breaks strike.Hayes sends in National Army and breaks strike.

– Set table for future strikesSet table for future strikes

Major Union Movements pt. 2Major Union Movements pt. 2

The Haymarket Riot - 1886The Haymarket Riot - 1886– Begun over the fight for 8 hour workdayBegun over the fight for 8 hour workday– Peaceful rally turns bloody when a small Peaceful rally turns bloody when a small

bomb hits cops, who open fire.bomb hits cops, who open fire.– The outcome is May Day and a strike The outcome is May Day and a strike

AGAINST AGAINST union movements!union movements!

Major Union Movements pt. 3Major Union Movements pt. 3

The Pullman Strike - 1894The Pullman Strike - 1894– Workers at the Pullman Sleeping Car Workers at the Pullman Sleeping Car

company lived in a company town – decent company lived in a company town – decent conditions, as long as they paid.conditions, as long as they paid.

– Wages are cut, workers can’t afford Wages are cut, workers can’t afford expenses.expenses.

– President Grover Cleveland sends in the President Grover Cleveland sends in the Army to break the strike on grounds that it is Army to break the strike on grounds that it is stopping the mail.stopping the mail.

– How do you think these strikes would affect How do you think these strikes would affect future labor questions?future labor questions?

Major Union Movements pt. 4Major Union Movements pt. 4

The Homestead StrikeThe Homestead Strike– 18921892

– Let’s Act it Out!!!Let’s Act it Out!!!