Upload
dr-trilok-kumar-jain
View
232
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
STATISTICS, INDEX NUMBERS, AND ANALYSIS FOR
BUSINESS
AFTERSCHO☺OL – DEVELOPING CHANGE MAKERS
CENTRE FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP PGPSE PROGRAMME –
World’ Most Comprehensive programme in social entrepreneurship & spiritual entrepreneurship
OPEN FOR ALL FREE FOR ALL
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
STATISTICS, INDEX NUMBERS, AND ANALYSIS FOR
BUSINESS
Dr. T.K. Jain.
AFTERSCHO☺OLCentre for social entrepreneurship
Bikaner M: 9414430763
www.afterschool.tk, www.afterschoool.tk
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
FROM THE PRICES, CALCULATE CHAIN INDEX . . . .
YEAR PRICE LINK RELATIVE
CHAIN INDEX
2000 80 100 100
2001 100 125 125
2002 120 120 150
2003 160 133.33 199.99
2004 128 80 159.99
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
SOLUTION ..
• As you have seen the solution, remember the formula:
• Chain index
• = (Link relative of current year * chain index of the previous year)/100
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What is chi-square distribution?
• It is used to compare two groups.
• When you want to find whether two groups are similar or there is significant difference between 2 groups, use chi-square distribution
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What is degree of freedom?
• If there are n variables, there is (n-1) degree of freedom. Since we have 2 groups in chi square, the degree of freedom is taken as (R-1) (C-1)
• Suppose there are 3 rows and 4 columns, the degree of freedom will be : 2*3 = 6 answer.
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
How to use
• If the n is more than 30, it is normal distribution
• Expected frequency should not be less than 5.
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Find chisquare distribution for the following?
X 140 150 110 140 540
Y 200 150 100 140 590
340 300 210 280 1130
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solution
• Chi-square value is 8.694 now compare this value to the standard value from chi square table at yourspeficifed level of significance. If this value is less than the table value, then the groups are similar.
• See excel file
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Mean of the chi square distribution is
• N
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Standard distribution of chi square distribution?
• Sqrt (2n)
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Mean of t distribution
• Zero
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Standard deviation of t distribution
• Sqrt (n/(n-2))
• T distribution is symmetric when t =0
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Why do we use F distribution and T distribution
• When sample is small we use T distribution
• T distribution compares two groups• F distribution is also used to compare two
groups• Mean of F distribution: n2/(n2-2)• Chisquare and F distribution are positively
skewed distribution, but T distribution is symmetric (t=0)
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
ABOUT AFTERSCHO☺OL
Afterschoool conducts three year integrated PGPSE (after class 12th along with IAS / CA / CS) and 18 month PGPSE (Post Graduate Programme in Social Entrepreneurship) along with preparation for CS / CFP / CFA /CMA / FRM. This course is also available online also. It also conducts workshops on social entrepreneurship in schools and colleges all over India – start social entrepreneurship club in your institution today with the help from afterschoool and help us in developing society.
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Why such a programme?
• To promote people to take up entrepreneurship and help develop the society
• To enable people to take up franchising and other such options to start a business / social development project
• To enable people to take up social development as their mission
• To enable people to promote spirituality and positive thinking in the world
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Who are our supporters?
• Afterschoolians, our past beneficiaries, entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs are supporting us.
• You can also support us – not necessarily by money – but by being promotor of our concept and our ideas.
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
About AFTERSCHO☺OL PGPSE – the best programme for developing great
entrepreneurs• Most flexible, adaptive but rigorous programme• Available in distance learning mode• Case study focused- latest cases • Industry oriented practical curriculum• Designed to make you entrepreneurs – not just
an employee• Option to take up part time job – so earn while
you learn • The only absolutely free course on internet
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Workshops from AFTERSCHO☺OL
• IIF, Delhi• CIPS, Jaipur• ICSI Hyderabad Branch• Gyan Vihar, Jaipur• Apex Institute of Management, Jaipur• Aravali Institute of Management, Jodhpur• Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneshwar • Pacific Institute, Udaipur• Engineering College, Hyderabad
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Flexible Specialisations:
• Spiritualising business and society• Rural development and transformation• HRD and Education, Social Development• NGO and voluntary work• Investment analysis,microfinance and inclusion • Retail sector, BPO, KPO• Accounting & Information system (with CA / CS /CMA)• Hospital management and Health care• Hospitality sector and culture and heritage• Other sectors of high growth, high technology and social
relevance
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Salient features:• The only programme of its kind (in the whole world)• No publicity and low profile course• For those who want to achieve success in life – not just a
degree• Flexible – you may stay for a month and continue the rest of
the education by distance mode. / you may attend weekend classes
• Scholarships for those from poor economic background• Latest and constantly changing curriculum – keeping pace
with the time• Placement for those who are interested• Admissions open throughout the year • Latest and most advanced technologies, books and study
material
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Components • Pedagogy curriculum and approach based on IIM Ahmedabad and ISB
Hyderabad (the founder is alumnus from IIMA & ISB Hyderabad)• Meditation, spiritualisation, and self development • Essential softwares for business• Business plan, Research projects• Participation in conferences / seminars• Workshops on leadership, team building etc. • Written submissions of research projects/articles / papers• Interview of entrepreneurs, writing biographies of entrepreneurs• Editing of journals / newsletters• Consultancy / research projects • Assignments, communication skill workshops• Participation in conferences and seminars• Group discussions, mock interviews, self development diaryng • Mind Power Training & writing workshop (by Dr. T.K.Jain)
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Pedagogy
• Case analysis,• Articles from Harvard Business Review • Quiz, seminars, workshops, games, • Visits to entrepreneurs and industrial visits• Presentations, Latest audio-visuals• Group discussions and group projects• Periodic self assessment• Mentoring and counselling• Study exchange programme (with institutions out of
India)• Rural development / Social welfare projects
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Branches
• AFTERSCHO☺OL will shortly open its branches in important cities in India including Delhi, Kota, Mumbai, Gurgaon and other important cities. Afterschooolians will be responsible for managing and developing these branches – and for promoting social entrepreneurs.
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Case Studies
• We want to write case studies on social entrepreneurs, first generation entrepreneurs, ethical entrepreneurs. Please help us in this process. Help us to be in touch with entrepreneurs, so that we may develop entrepreneurs.
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Basic values at AFTERSCHO☺OL
• Share to learn more• Interact to develop yourself• Fear is your worst enemy• Make mistakes to learn • Study & discuss in a group• Criticism is the healthy route to mutual support
and help • Ask fundamental questions : why, when, how &
where?• Embrace change – and compete with yourself
only
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
www.afterschoool.tk social entrepreneurship for better
society