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Open Access in Europe: gaps to bridge and challenges to pick up
Astrid van Wesenbeeck
SPARC Europe
SPARC Europe
European (Research) Library Association
Advocacy and education to contribute to the Open Access Movement
TODAY
1. Awareness & participation
2. Open Access Monographs
3. Open Access and Public Libraries
Some conditional facts
• Broad network of Institutional Repositories– 1960 European Repositories registered in the Directory of OA Repositories (www.doar.org)
• Open Access journals and Open Access publishers– Public Library of Science (PloS) / BiomedCentral / Springer Open / Sage Open / Hindawi
– 6545 Open Access Journals registered in the Directory of Open Access Journals (www.doaj.org)
Open Access Policies
• 120 institutional Open Access mandates• 48 funders Open Access mandates
(Source: http://roarmap.eprints.org/)
Reality check
• Low uptake in use of Institutional Repository– No incentives > mandates
• Authors sign away their copyright to publishers– Publishers of prestigious journals require this and use copyright to
lock up content
• Many authors publish in High Impact Factor journals when possible and these journals are most of time not Open Access and belong to toll‐access publishers – Because they have to from their superiors / funders
Difficult to create a change
The system:
• As long as funders and superiorsUniversities, funding agencies and professors
• Tell their grants / researchers to publish in High Impact Factor JournalsBecause there is no alternative
• It will be difficult to create a changeAnd Open Access journals will have a hard time to “enter the market”.
SPARC Europe:
• Promotes projects that develop alternative quality measurement models– MESUR www.mesur.org
• Promotes new forms of research evaluation that aim directly at the quality of scholarly articles and books, rather than indirect measures based on average journal performance, e.g. the impact factor– PLoS: article metrics http://article‐level‐metrics.plos.org/
• Supports and promotes Open Access publishing – Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association www.oaspa.org
• Considers and promotes the CC‐BY license as best practice for Open Access– SPARC Europe Seal for Open Access Journals
Monographs in scholarly communication
Situation
• Monographs: still important in the humanities and the social sciences
• High journal subscription prizes led to less academic book acquirement by libraries (less support for printed library collections)
• Which led to a crisis at many publishing houses; producing monographs became too expensive
Open Access Book Publishing in European Networks: OAPEN
An EC funded project that aimed to develop an academic Open Access Monograph publishing model– 1 publishing infrastructure– Publishers that meet quality requirement (peer review) can join the network and keep their autonomy
– All published books appear in the OAPEN library www.oapen.org
– Books are reviewed, online and free to read and use: great opportunities with regard to data linking and other possibilities the internet offers
– Libraries can use the metadata for their catalogues:
Open Access and public & national libraries
OPEN ACCESS?
Opportunities?
Dutch study shows that OA leads to an increase of readership amongst citizensBut they need three types of literacy: information, digital and scientific literacy
Source: The layperson and Open Access to Scholarly Research – A report on Civic Scientific LiteracyDOI: 10.1002/aris.2009.1440430115
Bridging and bring science to society; the scientific community has a lot to win as wellThey will have to explain the value of their research more and more
Thank you for listening!
www.sparceurope.org
www.twitter.org/sparc_eu
http://linkd.in/a9enCM