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Business processes, anti-patterns, BCEL
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Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Francis Palma, Naouel Moha, and Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc
MRI-BP 2013
Ptidej Team, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada
Latece, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
September 10, 2013 Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Context
Motivation
Related Work
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Conclusion
Context
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• Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
• Service-based systems (SBSs)
• Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
• Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)
• Service orchestration using control logics
• Design patterns and Antipatterns
September 10, 2013 Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Motivation
Related Work
Approach
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Conclusion
Context
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Web services Client application Users
messages messages
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
September 10, 2013 Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Context
Motivation
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
Context
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Web services Client application Users
messages messages
BPMN model
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
September 10, 2013 Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Context
Motivation
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
Context
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Web services Client application Users
messages messages
Early design
anomalies
BPMN model
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
September 10, 2013 Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Context
Motivation
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
Context
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Web services Client application Users
messages messages
Early design
anomalies
BPMN model
BPEL process
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
September 10, 2013 Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Context
Motivation
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
Context
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Web services Client application Users
messages messages
Early design
anomalies
BPMN model
BPEL process Transformation errors
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
September 10, 2013 Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Context
Motivation
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
Context
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Web services Client application Users
messages messages
Early design
anomalies
BPMN model
BPEL process
Conceptual
mismatch
Transformation errors
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
September 10, 2013 Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Context
Motivation
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
Context
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Web services Client application Users
messages messages
Early design
anomalies
BPMN model
BPEL process
Conceptual
mismatch
Transformation errors
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
Evolution Evolution
September 10, 2013 Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Context
Motivation
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
Context
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Web services Client application Users
messages messages
Early design
anomalies
Transformation errors
BPMN model
BPEL process
Conceptual
mismatch
Antipatterns!
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
Evolution Evolution
September 10, 2013 Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Motivation
Related Work
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Conclusion
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BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
Web services Client application Users
messages messages
Early design
anomalies
hard to maintain
and evolve
bad quality of
service
poor design
BPMN model
BPEL process
Conceptual
mismatch
Antipatterns!
Transformation errors Evolution Evolution
September 10, 2013 Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Context: Process Antipatterns
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Start Deadlock!!!
(A,B) D
(A,B,C)
(b) Dangling Inputs and Outputs
(a) Deadlocks Through Decision-Join Pairs
September 10, 2013
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Outline
September 10, 2013
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Outline
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Motivation: Why Antipatterns
• Antipatterns:
- From wrong design decisions to poor solutions
• Poor solutions result:
- bad quality of service (QoS)
- less maintainability, evolvability etc.
• Detect antipatterns within processes
• Improve design and QoS
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Motivation: Why BPEL ? • BPEL processes are off-the-shelf entities, BPMN is more documentation related - transition often broken, not symmetric • Ideologically, antipatterns in BPMN and BPEL processes represents same semantics, but some syntactic differences exist • Antipatterns in models (BPMN) already got much attention in the literature: - target audience: business analysts • Conceptual mismatch between BPMN and BPEL - differ in control flow support, e.g., loops, splits, joins, etc. • Transformation errors and early design errors: - translation, adaptation, and–or implementation errors - errors by business analysts
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
September 10, 2013
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Outline
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Related Work (1/2)
Model Antipatterns:
- Onoda et al. (1999): catalog of 5 deadlock patterns
- Persson et al. (2006) and Stirna et al. (2009): 6 process patterns
and 13 process antipatterns
- Koehler and Vanhatalo (2007): 14 structural antipatterns in process models
- Trcka et al. (2009): formalized 9 process antipatterns using temporal logic
Detection of Model Antipatterns:
- Gruhn and Laue (2010): heuristic-based approach for discovering
problems in BPMs
- Laue and Awad (2010): visually represented process antipatterns
Process Patterns:
- Wohed et al. (2002): analysed BPEL4WS based on workflow and
communication patterns
- Aalst et al. (2003): discussed 26 control flow, branching-synchronization,
and structural patterns
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Related Work (2/2)
Identified gaps from the literature: - Antipatterns and detection approaches were considered only for BPMN models
- No other formal specifications for process antipatterns except the one by Trcka et al. (2009)
- Various quality aspects (e.g., availability or response time of Web services) were not considered
- No automatic detection approach for BPEL process antipatterns until now
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
September 10, 2013
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Outline
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Solution towards detection
• We propose to:
- specify process antipatterns using classical Rules of
Inference
- define a concrete approach
• We perform a small detection experiment
- seven antipatterns, three example BPEL processes
- show results for two antipatterns
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Approach (1/5)
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Approach (2/5): Specify Rules
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Start
(A,B) D
(A,B,C)
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Approach (3/5): Process Transform
• Process transformation (more abstract and simplified)
(a) from the original BPEL to a simplified BPEL
(b) from the simplified BPEL to a generic model
• Goal of this transformation is to ease:
- implementation of the rules
- further analysis of the processes
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Approach (4/5): Process Transform
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
(a)
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Approach (4/5): Process Transform
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
(a)
(b)
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Approach (5/5): Detection
• The implementation of rules
• Applying implemented algorithms on transformed models
• Detection is now semi-automatic
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
September 10, 2013
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Outline
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Experiments (1/5): Objects travelProcess auctionProcess salesProcess
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
3 Web services 7 I/O Var
3 Web services 6 I/O Var
2 Web services 4 I/O Var
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Experiments (2/5): Subjects
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Experiments (3/5): Results
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
no detection
no detection
N/A
N/A
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Experiments (3/5): Results
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
no detection
no detection
N/A
N/A
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Experiments (4/5): Results (cont.)
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Experiments (4/5): Results (cont.)
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Experiments (5/5): Threats to Validity
External validity: Possibility to generalize the
results for other large and realistic business processes
Construct validity: Different engineers might define
rules differently
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
September 10, 2013
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Outline
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Conclusion
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Conclusion
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Conclusion
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Future work
• Perform experiments on other large and complex
business processes
- Limitation: availability of business processes
• Automate the approach
• Detect more process antipatterns
• Analyse the processes dynamically
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
Thanks for your attention! Questions?
September 10, 2013 16 of 21
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
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Experiments (4/5): Results (cont.)
salesProcess travelProcess Context
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Palma et al. | Detection of Process Antipatterns: An BPEL Perspective
