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SRI : Lessons from SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh Dinesh Marothia Dinesh Marothia National Institute of Ecology (NIE), New Delhi NIE – Centre for Integrated Natural Resources Management, Raipur, CG IWMI-TATA ANNUAL PARTNERS’ MEET IRMA, Nov 28-30,2012

12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

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Presented by: Dinesh Marothia, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), New Delhi. Presented at: IWMI-TATA Annual Partners' Meet Date: Nov 28-30,2012

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Page 1: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

SRI : Lessons from SRI : Lessons from ChhattisgarhChhattisgarh

Dinesh MarothiaDinesh MarothiaNational Institute of Ecology (NIE), New DelhiNIE – Centre for Integrated Natural Resources

Management, Raipur, CG

IWMI-TATA ANNUAL PARTNERS’ MEETIRMA, Nov 28-30,2012

Page 2: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Presentation Line

People, Resources and Rice Scenario

SRI Performance

Farmers’ Feedback

Implementing Agencies’ Feedback

Steps to Accelerate SRI

Drivers of Success/Failure

Page 3: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Northern Hills Zone

Chhattisgarh Plains Zone

Bastar Plateau Zone

Agro Climatic Zones

ORISSA

A.P.

JHK

MAHA

M.P.

Page 4: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Agro-Climatic Zones

Agro-Climatic Zones

District Covered Geographical

Area ( Lakh ha)

% of Total

Geographical

Area

Net Cropped

Area

(Lakh ha)

% of Net Cropped

Area

Northern

Hills

Sarguja, Koriya, Jashpur,

Dharamjaigarh (Raigarh)29.47 21 8.41 18

Chhattis-

garh

Plains

Raipur, Mahasamund,

Dhamtari, Durg, Rajnandgaon,

Kabirdham, Bilaspur, Korba,

Janjgir, Kanker and Raigarh

68.49 50 32.91 69

Bastar

Plateau

Jagdalpur, Dantewada,

Bijapur, Narayanpur, the

remaining part of Kanker

39.91 29 6.37 13

Total 137.87 100 47.69 100

Chhattisgarh State falls within the metrological zone VII (Eastern Plateau and Hills zone), which is sub-divided into 3 distinct agro-climatic zones

Chhattisgarh State falls within the metrological zone VII (Eastern Plateau and Hills zone), which is sub-divided into 3 distinct agro-climatic zones

Page 5: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

People and ResourcesPeople and ResourcesPeople and ResourcesPeople and Resources Total state population : 45 % SC & ST.

44 % of people live below poverty line.

Land shares: Marginal farmers (54%) share 15% of land; Small farmers

(22%) share 20%; Semi-medium farmers (16%) share 26%, Medium farmers

(8%) share 27%; and Large farmers (1%) share 12%.

Total labor force: Cultivators (45%) and agricultural labors (32)%.

Gross cropped area: 46.42 %of TGA.

Rainfall: ranges from 1200 mm to 1600 mm across the agro-climatic zone.

Soils: largely red and yellow in nature with medium texture.

Total irrigation: 13.23 lakh hectares.

Total irrigated area: 28 % of total cropped area.

Irrigated areas served by: Canals (66%), Tanks (4%), Tubewells (22%),

Wells (2%) and Other sources (6%).

Page 6: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Rice Cultivation Scenario in Chhattisgarh Rice Cultivation Scenario in Chhattisgarh Rice constitutes 75 % of total kharif cropped area.

Around 76 % rice is sown by broadcast (biasi) method.

70 % area cultivated under rainfed conditions.

% area under different situations :

Rainfed Upland Rainfed Upland Rainfed mid landRainfed mid land Rainfed low land Rainfed low land

45 % 35 % 20 % Prominent rice varieties :

Early Early Medium Medium Late Late

IR-36, IR-64, Purnima

MTU-1010, Mahamaya, Karma Masuri, Bambleshwari, HMT

Swarna, BPT-5204, MTU-1001, Local Scented

Promotion of early and mid-duration varieties of paddy constitutes 60% of total paddy area.

Prominent hybrid varieties : 3% area under hybrid. BayerBayer Pioneer Pioneer Dhanya Dhanya Devgan Devgan Public sectorPublic sector

6444 PBH-71 DRH-748 RH-257 KRH-2

Page 7: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Drought-affected Tehsils out of 98 Tehsils

2007-082007-08 2008-092008-09 2009-102009-10

3333 5050 55

Change in Area, Production & Productivity (Rice)Unit- lac ha

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Area

Unit- kg/haUnit- “000”ton

Page 8: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Area under improved management practices /hybrid rice

Particulars 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 (T)

Transplantation 7.52 7.71 8.11 7.63 8.23 8.50

SRI 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.25

Line sowing 1.87 2.42 2.45 2.50 2.72 3.50

Hybrid 0.40 0.50 0.64 0.76 1.08 1.25

Unit- Lakh Ha.

Page 9: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Av. Y ield Demo Farmers Practices

Av. Y ield

Achievable Yield Gaps in Rice Demonstrations

(NFSM) year 2009 (qtls paddy / ha.)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

SRI Plot Av. yield farmers practices

Av. Y ield

SRI– Rice year 2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Hybrid Rice Av.

Y ield

farmers Practice

Av. Y ield

Hybrid– Rice year 2009

Improved package practices

44%59%

63%

Page 10: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Differences of yield, cost and gross margin comparing non-SRI fields with SRI fields in CG

Yield (q/ha) Gross margin (Rs/ha) Cost (Rs/q)

Non-SRIFields

Difference(SRI minus

non-SRI)Non-SRIFields

Difference(SRI minus

non-SRI)Non-SRIFields

Difference(SRI minus non-SRI)

Total % Total % Total %

48.7 11.9 24.5 53,451 1,257 2 581 -167 -29

Note: Based on 102 farmers data with their SRI and non- SRI fields

Page 11: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Farmers’ Feedback Due to erratic rains in rainfed areas, SRI is best option because it

needs less water

Higher yield with SRI, lower Input cost, incidence of pest is low

Due to plant-to-plant distance, every plant gets proper light and air

and pest infestation is low

Marker and rotary weeder equipments have a major role in SRI

Supplement /increase food security by 3-4 months

In traditional agriculture, dry spells have adverse effect on the

growth of the plant, but in SRI method, plants easily survive up

till cracks appear in the soil without any crop growth decline

Page 12: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Farmers’ Feedback (continued)

Timely availability of marker & rotary weeder

inadequate quantity.

Continuous training of farmers and extension workers

needed.

Regular visits of non-adaptors and extension

newcomers to SRI fields.

Institutionalize SRI in agriculture extension and

research system.

Page 13: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Implementing Agencies’ Feedback Green manuring practice requires controlled irrigation facility, right from the sowing of

seeds to upturning the crop in to soil

Cono weeder use virtually needs ideal soil & moisture conditions – which unfortunately

don't apply locally, the soil being a bit heavy and moisture conditions are erratic

Alternate wetting & drying of fields doesn’t work, even with assured irrigation.

Unpredicted downpours may spoil equations at any time.

Implementation through cluster approach, training & publicity camps well ahead of crop

activities, distribution of leaflets & literature, publicity camps, Kisan Melas & exposure

visits.

Educating farmers in green manuring, mechanical weeding and water management.

Page 14: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Implementing Agencies’ Feedback Only profuse-seedling varieties should be selected for SRI like

Bamleshwari, Swarna, MTU-1010, Mahamaya (duration 120-135 d).

Timely availability of marker & rotary weeder in adequate quantity.

Financial incentives on sustainable basis

Continuous training of farmers and extension workers.

Regular visit of non-adaptors and extension newcomers to SRI

fields.

A modified version of SRI with innovations , farmers’ feedback,

and local adaptation is urgently required to sustain farmers’ interest

Institutionalize SRI in agriculture extension and research system.

Page 15: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Implementing Agencies’ Feedback Present SRI approach based on condition - 10 acres of irrigated land in a

cluster - excludes small and marginal farmers.

Since farmers have been adopting their package of practices for several

years, hence sudden intervention of SRI (which is intensive) need at least

technical support for 2-3 years

Indigenous varieties (which are at the extinction stage ) can be

promoted through SRI to address the problems related with climate

change.

Organic farming can be promoted along with SRI

Mechanized SRI may become regular entrepreneurship covering nursery

bed preparation, rice transplanting ,and weed control

Page 16: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Steps to Accelerate SRI

Arrange exposure trips to SRI plots of active farmers and SHG members (if SHG is formed in the village)

Selection of Community Resource Person (CRPs) and conduct training for them on the SRI. They are generally active farmers who had done SRI on their field and had some experience to share with the farmers

One-day orientation program in the village about SRI and sharing of farmer experience that had done SRI

Video shows on SRI in paddies, wall posters, and pamphlet distribution On-field demonstrations to the interested farmers on seed treatment,

field preparation, and sowing in one farmer’s plot. One-day training on transplanting, weeding, organic inputs preparation Hand-holding support to the farmers by CRPs and early SRI adopters

for an entire crop season Analysis of paddy production in a plot before harvesting.

Page 17: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh

Drivers of Success/Failure

Deviation from core recommendations should be accepted

Selection of different components of SRI for adoption has significant

bearing on yield increase.

Adoption of core components varied across agro-climatic regions and

implementing agencies

Yield levels vary with the extent of farmers’ adoption of components of

SRI, so need continuous flow of technical information and support

Mobilizing of 'quality inputs' consumes extra time and money; hence,

transaction costs may reflect level of adoption

Land topography, soil types, and mode of irrigation are important

factors for SRI adoption

Lack of knowledge of SRI practices, skilled labourers needed for cono

weeding operation, suitable markers, poor water control in the fields,

and unsuitable soils, TC are constraining the full adoption of SRI

Page 18: 12109- SRI : Lessons from Chhattisgarh