1050 SRI application in Vietnam

SRI applicationSRI application in Vietnamin Vietnam

Farmer group in Thuy Lam Commune, Dong Anh District, Hanoi, applying SRI methods to production of traditional sticky rice

Ngo Tien Dung,

Deputy Director General – Plant Protection Department (PPD), MARD

- Rice cultivation: 7.4 millions ha/year - Rice production: 38.9 mill tons of paddy rice/year

- Corn area: 1.14 million ha- Vegetable area: 720,000 ha- Coffee area: 525,100 ha - Sugarcane area: 270,000 ha

VIETNAMVIETNAM

There are several existing problems in rice cultivation:

• Overuse of pesticides

• Overuse of chemical fertilizers (especially nitrogen)

• High transplanting density

BackgroundBackground


Causing problems:• Rice crop is susceptible

to pests, resulting in decreased yield, less economic efficiency, and deteriorating environmental quality.

• Pesticides kill natural enemies, causing pest outbreaks

• Overuse of chemicals (fertilizer, pesticide, etc.) will pollute the environment, affecting environmental health.

Hopper burn

• In 2003, National IPM Program Vietnam introduced SRI to the farmers for experimental application.

• From 2003 to 2004, farmer groups under IPM/BUCAP auspices applied SRI under various practice conditions

• In years 2005 and 2006, SRI was applied in demonstration plots of 2-5 ha that showed SRI having any advantages in comparison with conventional practice (DANIDA support)

• In 2007, Vietnam conducted a pilot model of “community-based SRI application” on the large scale of 170 ha in Ha Tay (supported by OXFAM America)

• On 15 Oct. 2007, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) issued a decision acknowledging SRI as an ‘advanced technology’


• From Sept. 2007, OXFAM America launched a 3-year program “Advancing Small Farmers in Mekong Region with SRI” (VIE 034/07) to assist Vietnam for scaling up the SRI utilization

• Programme has been conducted in collaboration of the Government and NGOs in Vietnam: the Plant Protection Department under MARD; Oxfam Quebec; and Centre for Sustainable Rural Development (SRD), as well as Oxfam America


Background: Project since 2003Background: Project since 2003

Implementing agency:

Plant Protection Department, MARD

Partners: SEARICE, Oxfam America, Oxfam Quebec, Center for Sustainable Rural (SRD), Oxfam Belgium, Hanoi Agriculture University, Thai Nguyen University, Women’s Unions, Farmers’ Union, Japan International Volunteer Center (JVC), World Vision, FAO regional Vegetable IPM Programme

Donors: Oxfam America, Denmark (DANIDA)

Trainers active: 294 government; 43 farmers

2010 SRI area 286,053

Farmers applyFarmers applyinging SRISRI in 2010: in 2010:

781,282781,282 ( ( 71 71 % female)% female)

Main crops: Rice, potato, soybean

• Community-based Farmer Field Schools Community-based Farmer Field Schools (FFS)(FFS)

Approach:Approach:

IPM farmer IPM farmer study group in study group in Dong Hoi Dong Hoi Commune, Commune, Dong Anh Dong Anh District, Hanoi District, Hanoi study on SRIstudy on SRI

• Community-based Farmer Field School Community-based Farmer Field School (FFS)(FFS)

Approach:Approach:

Purposes: • Strengthen farmers’ capability with self-developing

mechanisms to manage their resources. • Institutionalize SRI applications in the commune level

Develop-ment of SRI should go through a series of stages

Steps to utilize SRI:

Farmer group in Hoa Binh Province doing observations in their study field


Full draining of the field

1st stage (first season activities): study the principles of SRI through the Farmer Field School (FFS) process with farmers managing together a trial/demonstration field

Young seedlings

2nd stage (2nd and 3rd season activities): practicing the utilization on SRI in a larger scale (within 5 ha)


Making the beds 2 meters wide Canal made between two beds

3rd stage (after two or three seasons): extension of SRI in the whole community


SRI applied in 50 ha of traditional sticky rice in Thuy Lam Commune, Dong Anh District, Hanoi, in summer crop season, 2010

• 4th stage: farmer groups will continue to improve SRI techniques and improve cultivation practice in order to have better production and better market access.

(Stage 4 can be incorporated in stage 3)


Burning straw and stubble might kill natural enemies and harm the soil ecology; also health hazard

Farmers develop minimum tillage Farmers develop minimum tillage with potato productionwith potato production

Basal fertilizer application

Mulching

Farmers observe agro-ecosystem

Farmers develop minimum tillage Farmers develop minimum tillage with potato productionwith potato production

In comparison with conventional practice, these new practices:

- Reduce soil preparation labor by 40% - Reduce harvest labor by 70% - Increase yield by 8.3-20%- Increase profits by 31%

Develop rice production in compliance

with VietGAP standard

SRI FFS Alumni in Dong Phu Commune, Chuong My District, Hanoi, cooperate with a private company to develop rice production in compliance with VietGAP (Good Agricultural Practice) standard

s SRI Conventional

Comparison of SRI and ConventionalComparison of SRI and Conventional

Seedling age 2 – 2,5 leaf age 4 – 5 leaf age

Seedling/hill 1 seedling/hill 3 – 5 seedlings/hill

Seedlings/m2 11 – 32 / m2 80 – 150 seedlings/m2

Water management Soil aeration Keep standing water

Fertilizer Nutrient management Technical package

Same variety as with SRI:

Rice was lodged because of strong wind

Sheath blight disease was 30%

SRI field in Dong Anh, Hanoi:SRI field in Dong Anh, Hanoi:

- Stems are strong, no lodging Stems are strong, no lodging

- Sheath blight disease <5%Sheath blight disease <5%

- Stems are more strong- Stems are more strong

- Pest and disease is low- Pest and disease is low

SRI fieldSRI field Conventional fieldConventional fieldSRI tolerant to SRI tolerant to

lodginglodging

SRI tolerant to pestsSRI tolerant to pests Table 4: Number of sprayings per season, by province, 2005-2006

Province Number of sprays/season

SRI Farmer Difference

Yen Bai 1 3 2

Hanoi 1 2 1

Ha Tay 0.5 1.5 1

Hai Dương 1 2.5 1.5

Hung Yen 2 5 3

Thai Binh 1 2 1

Hai Phong 2 4 2

Ha Nam 2 4 2

Ninh Binh 1 1.5 0.5

Averge 1.25 2.75 1.5

SRI tolerant to pestsSRI tolerant to pests Table 5: Level of sheath blight infestation, different provinces, 2005-2006

Province Spring season Summer season

SRI Farmer Difference SRI Farmer Difference

Yen Bai - - - 8.3 45.5 82%

Ha Tay 2.6 15.5 83% 11.2 25.7 56%

Hai Phong - - - 1.2 18.5 94%

Thai Binh 5.2 12.5 58% 2.9 18.6 84%

Hai Duong 8.5 18.8 54% 7.0 14.6 52%

Hung Yen 9.8 27.5 64% 3.2 19.5 84%

Ha Nam 9.6 25.6 6e% 3.8 14.5 74%

Nam Dinh 4.9 6.2 21% 2.1 10.3 80%

Ninh Binh 2.6 9.6 73% 4.7 10.8 57%

Average 6.7 18.1 63% 5.2 19.8 74%

SRI tolerant to pestsSRI tolerant to pests

Table 6: Leaf blight, different provinces, summer season, 2005-2006

Province SRI Farmer Difference

Yen Bai 0.5 32.5 98%

Ha Tay 0.3 52.7 99%

Thai Binh 33.1 51.3 36%

Ha Nam 5.7 20.8 73%

Nam Dinh 7.0 21.7 68%

Ninh Binh 4.7 39.0 88%

Average 8.55 36.3 77%


Table 7: Small leaf folder , different provinces, 2005-2006 (insects/m2)



Hai Duong 13.2 26.2 49% 9.6 23.0 58%

Hung Yen 57.0 108.0 47% 140.0 252.0 44%

Thai Binh 53.0 74.0 28% 39.5 60.0 35%

Ha Nam 90.0 135.0 43% 60.0 120.6 50%

Nam Dinh 68.2 123.0 44% 62.5 122.1 49%

Ninh Binh 99.0 180.0 45% 59.5 156.8 62%

Average 63.4 107.7 41% 61.8 122.3 49%


Table 8: Brown plant hopper, different provinces, 2005-2006 (insects/m2)



Ha Tay 1,020 3,200 68% 1,900 4,230 55%

Hai Duong 387 1,413 79% 471 3,115 85%

Hung Yen 525 1,352 61% 300 8,000 96%

Hai Phong - - - 428 1,960 78%

Thai Binh 290 940 69% 400 1,238 68%

Ha Nam 508 1,060 45% 81 3,090 99%

Nam Dinh 490 1,050 53% 710 2,125 67%

Ninh Binh 580 1,060 45% 71 1,950 96.%

Average 542 1,440 62% 545 3,214 83%

Increased Rice YieldIncreased Rice Yield

Table 12: Rice yield, different, 2006 (tons/ha)Province Spring season Summer season


Yen Bai - - 6.8 6.5 4.6%

Ha Tay 5.9 5.3 10.9% 5.8 5.1 13.7%

Ha Nam - - - 6.5 6.0 8.3%

Nam Dinh 7.5 7.3 2.7% 7.0 6.7 4.5%

Ninh Binh 7.0 6.6 6.1% 6.6 5.1 29.4%

Hung Yen 6.4 6.0 6.7% 6.0 5.0 20.0%

Hai Duong 6.8 5.7 19.3% 6.8 5.6 21.4%

Hai Phong - - - 6.3 5.2 21.1%

Thai Binh 7.0 6.1 14.8% 6.9 6.3 30.2%

Average 6.8 6.2 9.7% 6.5 5.7 14.0%

Economic EfficiencyEconomic Efficiency

Table 13: Economic efficiency of SRI applicationProvince Increase in profit between SRI and farmer fields

(1000 VND)

Spring season Summer season Average

Ha Tay 3,598 3,185 3,391

Ha Nam - 2,587 2,587

Nam Dinh 782 1,736 1,259

Ninh Binh 2,301 2,527 2,414

Hung Yen 1,845 2,411 2,128

Hai Duong 1,804 2,339 2,071

Hai Phong - 2,611 2,611

Thai Binh 1,920 2,108 2,014

Average 2,042 2,438 2,240

Reduced Cost of Production Reduced Cost of Production per kilogram pf paddyper kilogram pf paddy

Table 14: Per kilogram cost of paddy production, different provinces (VND)



Yen Bai - - - 772 1,016 244

Ha Tay 1,228 1,623 395 1,264 1,893 629

Ha Nam - - - 1,976 2,390 414

Nam Dinh 1,270 1,447 177 1,373 1,585 212

Ninh Binh 1,084 1,360 276 1,506 2,112 606

Hung Yen 1,178 1,578 400 1,466 2,349 883

Hai Duong 1,367 1,575 207 1,462 1,774 312

Hai Phong - - - 1,595 2,276 681

Thai Binh 1,307 1,904 597 1,402 2,103 701

Average 1,239 1,581 342 1,424 1,944 520

SRI Application and SRI Application and Water SavingWater Saving

Summer seasons 2005 & 2006

Summer season 2008

Farmers saved about 30% of water volume

Reduced irrigation cost by 33% to 40-50%

LimitationsLimitations

• SRI irrigation management needs a strong collaboration among the community

• Financial support for expansion is still limited

• Organic manure resources are limited; need to make better use of straw and other biomass to reduce fertilizer need

Strategy:Strategy:

• Strengthen collaboration with Cooperatives, Mass Organizations (Farmers’ Unions, Women’s Unions, Youth Unions…) for better support of farmer groups to develop SRI in their localities

• Priority is given to women’s participation in the learning process to improve their knowledge and skills needed to identify problems and find solutions to solve problems.

Strategy:Strategy:

• Diversify the communication work in order to disseminate and share better the experiences and achievements of SRI among communities and to advocate the policy support for SRI expansion

• Build up the core farmers as resource persons in each commune

• Study the potential and conditions for market access of SRI produce (higher quality)

• Develop weeding and aeration tools for local conditions, and improve their supply

• Improve soil ecology: minimum tillage, inter-cropping with beans, adding green manure crop

Strategy:Strategy:

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

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1050 SRI application in Vietnam