When land meets water our imagination is captured, but shores and coasts can also be places of worry and concern.

Shores and coasts are more and more a place of focus for architects, waterfornt development is globally a challange.

How to deal with coastal regions in a way that sustains the landscape, increasing of safety and quality of life.Understanding the waterforont as a site of dynamic landscape forces, both urban and ecological.

Waterfronts often define the identity of cities at a seaside. How to deal with the urban waterfront when major changes

Globally the claim of humans on coasts and shores is increasing. Sea levels rise and lakes are shrinking. The dividing line between land and water is always dynamic and dramatically changing.

are taking place?

200019401860expansion of Malmö

The boundaries between sea and land is constantly changing.

The city has slipped further and further away from the sea.

Access to sea is limited both visually and physicallyWhich has the effect that the city experienced as separate from Øresund.

The effect

WHAT TO DO IF AN ALGAL BLOOM OCCURS

Fish, birds and mammals can all be killed by algal toxins.

What could bee the effect for Wester Harbour if the pollution and the global warming continues on:

Malmøs new waterfront of a sea rise of 2 meters.

The main reason why fish and other aquatic animals die in the wake of a bloom is the shortage of oxygenthat arises when large masses of algae decompose.

Utfylling av Dokken:ca 200 000 m2

Utfylling av vestre havnen: 219 ha = 2 190 000 m2

How can we deal with these changes?

We see the seascape as blue and beautiful

What is the reality? How can this become the reality?

and not this dead zone

Green areas in the city is obvious. But what about the marine community?

Why not have the same active attitude towards the sea that we have to the green lungs of the city

In new urban areas, we take it for granted that it is establishing parks and green areas by sowing grass and planting trees, shrubs and �owering plants. After establishing the areas tended by expert gardeners that they should appear as beautiful and well groomed.In green areas, emphasis is also to facilitate a variety of plant and animal life. The same thinking is not common for ocean regions.

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Waterfronts de�ne the identity of cities at a seaside. How to deal with the urban waterfront whenmajor changes are taking place?

Advantages of Artificial Reefs and islands

Artificial Reefs provide shelter, calm waters, influence water currents and contribute to biodiversity and increased self-cleaning ability. Attract smaller organisms which are vital sources of food for different marine species.

Construktion of artificial island can also benefit the marine life. The sand winning will case deep troughts.

Within this special habbitat, resting areas and spawing grounds will develop, causing an increase in the number of species. By combining thes different intersts, the island and reefs form a sustainable gift for future generations.

Artifical reefs as promoting marine life in areas of generally featureless bottom. Artificial reefs may also control beach erosion.

The use of artificial reefs to increase fish yields or for algaculture has a long history.Many reefs are built by deploying existing materials in order to create a reef.

Out used materials such as concrete, ships, old vehicles, old pipesand metals.can be used in the construktion of reefs and islands.

Examples of reef m

aterials

At sites where erosion from a particular direction is a problem, the shape and alignment of the islands have to be determined by the prevailing current.

Mussels as water treatment plants

A shell with a length of 6 cm can filter about 3 liters of water per hour.

A large quantity of shells can therefore serve as a "plant" for the sea areas that are characterized by the large supply of nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus.Inner basin of Malmø

550 mil. liters

In the lifespan of 1 mussel, (4 years) The mussel is capable to clean ca 50 000 liters.

To clean the inner basin of Malmø, we need 460 000 mussels.

Mussels eat living algae, bacteria, excrement and remains of decaying plants and animals (waste products).

The mussel prodject at AUC concluded that 36 kg shell puri�es 1 PE (person equivalent)emissions to �ordarea.If Vestern Harbour has about 10 000 people, we need an annual production of 360 tonnes of mussels to take away the anthropogenic emissions of nutrients

Mussels can be put in "work" everywhere.

Ca 20 kg off m

ussels pr meter rope.

AUC Aalborg University

harvesting of mussels

Mussel farm

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A female mussel can release between 5-12 million eggs.

Food for fish and birds.

Harvesting of mussels removes biomass from the water and may thus counteract a eutrofieringssituasjon and improve water quality.

Resource friendly food production.

Fish or animal food

Composting

Fertilizer for agriculture

Production cycle of a mussel

A call for action

most threatned marin ecosystem on the planet.Øresund /Baltic sea

Sea level riseAlgal bloom Eutrophication90% of wetlands have been drainedPressure from agriculture and industry

Climate change makes the challenge greater.Increasing rainfall also leads to increased runoff of nutrients to the ocean

Rules of engagement

Marine life decreasing

Disappearing wildlife

100 000 new inhabitants

Density/ compactness Transforming industry to housing/parks/edu.

Do not add more land/ relocation possible.

Diversity of VH. Both urban/nature. Marinelife and flora and fauna

Increased circulations of seawaterFuture expansion possible

Reduce polluted water from VH. No surfacewater direct into the sea (reuse of water)

Sightlines sun/wind situationsIncreased oxygen in the sea/ divers marine life /fish/algal

Public transport/connecting seafornt. bike lines, tram, bus, boat

Refrences to the existing regulation plan

250 m distance from sea/water (wetland)

Sea level rise, stormwater waves make a buffer zone Increased use of the sea, leisure activities, sports, wildlife

Renewable energy, windmills, sun, etc.

Waves, current and rivers Parks

Coastline 1973 Identity old dock/slippSightlines

Currents in Øresund at different wind directions and speed:

SOUTHERN WINDS WESTERLY WINDSEASTERLY WINDSNORTHERLY WINDS

SOUTHERN WINDS WESTERLY WINDSEASTERLY WINDSNORTHERLY WINDS

10 knots wind

25 knots wind> 2 kn.1,5 - 2 kn.1 - 1,5 kn.0,5 - 1,0 kn.

750 m

250 meter zoneDistance to sea/water

2200 m

Transport 400 m

Housing Offices/edu

CityrailTram VH

Distance

Master plan VH and NH

Several of the most important of our fish, in addition to the craband lobster, are directly or indirectly dependent on the kelp forestto grow up.

Acting as a type of buffer from rough water.

Kelp forests are valued for recreational activities such as scuba diving and kayakin

Provide habitat, protection and feeding grounds for thousand underwater species.

Kelp is an important oxygen producer.Nearly 70- percent of the world's oxygen comes from the ocean.

Kelp forestKelp forest are known as the rainforest of the ocean. They are among the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on the planet.

Multiple kelp species often co-exist within a forest