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July 2010
Hadley WickhamAssistant Professor / Dobelman Family Junior Chair
Department of Statistics / Rice University
Visualisation in R
Sunday, 25 July 2010
HadleyHELLO
my name is
Sunday, 25 July 2010
http://had.co.nz/vanderbilt-vis
Sunday, 25 July 2010
1. Preview of today
2. About ggplot2
3. More resources
4. Diving in
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Fuel economyBasic graphics
Sunday, 25 July 2010
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Sunday, 25 July 2010
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classβ 2seaterβ compactβ midsizeβ minivanβ pickupβ subcompactβ suv
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Diamond pricesDisplaying large data
Sunday, 25 July 2010
depth
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Sunday, 25 July 2010
table
price
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Sunday, 25 July 2010
carat
price
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count1000200030004000500060007000
Sunday, 25 July 2010
US baby namesUS baby namesData manipulation and
transformation
Sunday, 25 July 2010
year
avg_length
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5.6
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sexboygirl
Sunday, 25 July 2010
year
prop
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sexboygirl
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Polishing your plots
Sunday, 25 July 2010
1. Scales: used to override default perceptual mappings, and tune parameters of axes and legends.
2. Themes: control presentation of non-data elements.
3. Saving your work: to include in reports, presentations, etc.
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Sunday, 25 July 2010
ggplot2
Sunday, 25 July 2010
About ggplot2
Graphical grammar (domain specific language), based on βThe Grammar of Graphicsβ by Leland Wilkinson.
Specify what you want, not how to create it. Many fiddly details taken care of.
βInstead of spending time making your graph look pretty, you can focus on creating a graph that bests reveals the messages in your data.β
Sunday, 25 July 2010
http://had.co.nz/ggplot2
http://had.co.nz/ggplot2/book
http://groups.google.com/group/ggplot2
http://learnr.wordpress.com
http://ggplot2.wik.is
Useful resources
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Learning a newlanguage is hard!
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Scatterplot basicsinstall.packages("ggplot2")library(ggplot2)
?mpghead(mpg)str(mpg)summary(mpg)
qplot(displ, hwy, data = mpg)
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Scatterplot basicsinstall.packages("ggplot2")library(ggplot2)
?mpghead(mpg)str(mpg)summary(mpg)
qplot(displ, hwy, data = mpg)
In ggplot2, we always explicitly specify the data
Sunday, 25 July 2010
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qplot(displ, hwy, data = mpg)Sunday, 25 July 2010
Additional variables
Can display additional variables with aesthetics (like shape, colour, size) or facetting (small multiples displaying different subsets)
Sunday, 25 July 2010
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classβ 2seaterβ compactβ midsizeβ minivanβ pickupβ subcompactβ suv
qplot(displ, hwy, colour = class, data = mpg)Sunday, 25 July 2010
displ
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classβ 2seaterβ compactβ midsizeβ minivanβ pickupβ subcompactβ suv
Legend chosen and displayed automatically.
qplot(displ, hwy, colour = class, data = mpg)Sunday, 25 July 2010
Your turn
Experiment with colour, size, and shape aesthetics.
Whatβs the difference between discrete or continuous variables?
What happens when you combine multiple aesthetics?
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Discrete Continuous
Colour
Size
Shape
Rainbow of colours
Gradient from red to blue
Discrete size steps
Linear mapping between radius
and value
Different shape for each
Doesnβt work
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Faceting
Small multiples displaying different subsets of the data.
Useful for exploring conditional relationships. Useful for large data.
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Your turnqplot(displ, hwy, data = mpg) + facet_grid(. ~ cyl)
qplot(displ, hwy, data = mpg) + facet_grid(drv ~ .)
qplot(displ, hwy, data = mpg) + facet_grid(drv ~ cyl)
qplot(displ, hwy, data = mpg) + facet_wrap(~ class)
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Summary
facet_grid(): 2d grid, rows ~ cols, . for no split
facet_wrap(): 1d ribbon wrapped into 2d
Scales argument controls whether position scales are fixed or free.
Sunday, 25 July 2010
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10 15 20 25 30 35qplot(cty, hwy, data = mpg)
Whatβs the problem with this plot?
Sunday, 25 July 2010
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10 15 20 25 30 35qplot(cty, hwy, data = mpg, geom = "jitter")Sunday, 25 July 2010
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10 15 20 25 30 35qplot(cty, hwy, data = mpg, geom = "jitter")
geom controls βtypeβ of plot
Sunday, 25 July 2010
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2seater compact midsize minivan pickup subcompact suv
qplot(class, hwy, data = mpg)Sunday, 25 July 2010
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2seater compact midsize minivan pickup subcompact suv
qplot(class, hwy, data = mpg)
How could we improve this plot?
Brainstorm for 1 minute.
Sunday, 25 July 2010
reorder(class, hwy)
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pickup suv minivan 2seater midsize subcompact compact
Sunday, 25 July 2010
reorder(class, hwy)
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pickup suv minivan 2seater midsize subcompact compact
qplot(reorder(class, hwy), hwy, data = mpg)
Incredibly useful technique!
Sunday, 25 July 2010
reorder(class, hwy)
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pickup suv minivan 2seater midsize subcompact compactqplot(reorder(class, hwy), hwy, data = mpg, geom = "jitter")Sunday, 25 July 2010
reorder(class, hwy)
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pickup suv minivan 2seater midsize subcompact compactqplot(reorder(class, hwy), hwy, data = mpg, geom = "boxplot")Sunday, 25 July 2010
reorder(class, hwy)
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pickup suv minivan 2seater midsize subcompact compactqplot(reorder(class, hwy), hwy, data = mpg, geom = c("jitter", "boxplot"))Sunday, 25 July 2010
Your turn
Read the help for reorder. Redraw the previously plots with class ordered by median hwy.
How would you put the jittered points on top of the boxplots?
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Aside: coding strategy
At the end of each interactive session, you want a summary of everything you did. Two options:
1. Save everything you did with savehistory() then remove the unimportant bits.
2. Build up the important bits as you go. (this is how I work)
Sunday, 25 July 2010
Sunday, 25 July 2010
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
Sunday, 25 July 2010