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新兴玩意儿打电话,记得我还说了句再见便不屑地掉头走人,在鄙视张平的同时也一起鄙视着李雪:变心的女人,现实的女人,总有一天你会后悔自己的选择,有钱人永远不可能学会尊重爱情,你等着被抛弃好了. 这个世界让我绝望,它不属于我,没有一样东西是恒久不变,人心亦此.我开始痛恨这个社会,它是如此的与我格格不入,它忽视我的存在,二十多年来我不曾获得过任何我想要的东西,而它给我的却总是磨难,永无止境的痛苦.我只是希望坏人得到应该的惩罚,好人一生平安,这样一个小小的心愿却从未满足过,所谓真正的人渣比比皆是,我不过是香港六合彩面前的一粒不起眼的沙,力量微薄,但决不会死心. 我写了一些匿名信,用打印机打出来,里面列举了猪头爸种种恶行,香港六合彩家送给香港六合彩的每笔款子以及多少条红塔山香烟我都一一列了个清单,又添油加醋的杜撰出其香港六合彩几条劣迹.我复印了十几份投寄到香港六合彩单位的各个部门,还有党组工会办公室什么的都面面俱到.如果说我人渣,那猪头爸就渣到
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E-mail & listsclient view
Anne Villems
University of Tartu, Estonia
Everybody has used e-mail!
But how many have read documents, which set the standards for e-mail?
These standards have been set up in the documents:
RFC 822 / RFC 821 MIME standards set in
RFC 2045/2046/2047/2048
(old verson RFC 1521/1522)
Mail Standard RFC822
Published in 1982 Lines no longer than 1000 char Message body - plain US-ASCII text Message header lines - plain US-ASCII
text Limit on message length
RFC 822 restrictions
no multiple objects in a single message no multi-part message bodies no non-textual bodies no X.400 messages can be gatewayd no multifont messages
ASCII times are over!
Now we want: National language support Possibility to send
– pictures– audiofiles– other applications– video files– multimedia applications
MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
RFC 2045-2048 obsolete RFC 1521, 1522,1590 RFC 2045 Format of Internet Message Bodies RFC 2046 Media Types RFC 2047 Message Header Extension for
Non-ASCII Text RFC 2048 Registration ProceduresTo solve RFC822 restrictions without serious
incompatibilities with it
MIME defines new header lines MIME-Version header field:
MIME-Version: 1.0
The content type header field to specify the the type and subtype of data in the body:
Content-Type: Text/Plain: Charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding field to show how data is encoded
Content-Transfer-Encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE
Content-ID and Content-Description for future use
“Content type” possible values Text - textual information Image - for transmitting still images (gif,jpeg) Audio - requires audio output device Video - to display moving images, like mpeg Application - information to be processed by
application program Multipart - to represent compound, possibly
embedded parts Message - an encapsulated message
Content-transfer-Encoding
base64 - every 3 bytes are represented with 4 7-bit ASCII characters
quoted-printable - will code only non-ASCII characters in the text, 76char lines
7bit - no coding, already 7bit 8bit - have to be transported as 8-bit binary - as 8bit, but may contain long lines
Quoted-printable
Suitable to present most European languages which are based on ISO 8859-x standard
Non-ASCII chars will be coded with 3 chars: ´=´ followed by code in base (16) Examples:
Ü =DC ä =E4 ö =F6
Where to get more info about MIME
RFC archive with all RFC-s in plain text:
ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/Internet/rfc/ Mark Grand’s “MIME Overview”
http://www.mindspring.com/~mgrand/mime.html comp.mail.mime FAQ
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/text/faq/ usent/mail/mime-faq/
How e-mail works
User Agent (UA) - program, with which human users read, create and manage e-mail
Mail Transport Agent (MTA) - handling the movement of messages among computers, non-real-time manner; SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - must be installed at every Internet Host
Working protocols
• SMTP - primary mechanism for moving mail around TCP/IP network, handles sites with permanent connections
• SMTP delivers mail, not allows user to collect it - sometimes the latter is more convenient
• POP, IMAP - fill the gap, they are oriented to serve users when they want
POP, IMAP
Aim - to build a distributed e-mail infrastructure
LAN oriented, vendor specific POP - Post Office Protocol, latest
version POP3, RFC 1725 (1460) IMAP - the Internet Message Access
Protocol, latest version IMAP4, RFC2060 (1731)
What we want from Mail client?
Good user interface advanced text editing spelling checker attachments allowed addressbook (with
groups!) MIME uudencode/decode
Encryption! + mailing lists pager support multiple accounts multilingual support full text indexing +
search message filtering
…and more
…more requirements for mail client:
signatures (multiple?)
database sophisticated send:
send e-mail to all my students who live in Liberty street
download headers and delete mail from server based on header info
UseNet Newsgroups Live spelling Thesaurus auto-dialing Free Internet Fax Confirmation ability … …
Mail Clients
You can find 28 mail clients in Tucows ultimate software collection for Win95, 13 for Mac and 11 for win 3.x
They need from 65K to 4.5M memory Tocows has mirrors in many countries
one in Croatia:
http://www.hrt.hr/tucows/
Most popular clients The Pegasus Mail, no fee, version 2.54
http://www.pegasus.usa.com/
FAQ http://www.let.nl/pegasus/faq.html
Eudora (Qualcomm Inc.)– Eudora Pro 3.0.3– Eudora Light 3.0.3
http://www.qualcomm.com/
Problems going from Eudora to Pegasus
Your Adressbooks are not convertible. There exists Interguru Web-site to help
you to convert Eudora nickname file to Pegasus address file:
http://www.interguru.com/eudopega.htm
To compare Mail Clients
Stroud’s Mail Client Reviews with about 20 packages reviewed:
http://cws.internet.com/32mail-reviews.html
Intervue Internet Client reviews:
http://www.eqp.com/egrinter.html Tucows has evaluated all packages with
0.5 - 5 cows.
Some words about Netiquette Be polite! Cite as small part of the letter as
possible! DO NOT USE UPPER CASE LETTERS
THROUGHOUT THE LETTER Use “smilies”: :-) :-( ;-) Take differencies in the culture into
account.
Questions
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