- Mr. Se Joon Yoon, Director of KONICOF

Korea Nuclear International Cooperation Foundation

Introduction to KONICOF & Nuclear Energy

in Korea

Introduction to KONICOF & Nuclear Energy

in KoreaDec. 3. 08

Korea Nuclear International Cooperation Foundation 2

IIIIII

VV

KONICOF

Korea Energy Review

IIIIII

IVIV KINAC

INSS

Nuclear Technology Development in Korea

Table of ContentsTable of Contents

VIIVII

VIVI

VIIIVIII

RCA Regional Office

International R&D Programs Involvement

KONICOF Working Towards the Future


Energy Situation of Korea Energy Situation of Korea Top 10 Energy

Consumer in the World

• 7th in Oil Consumption

Weak Energy Security• ~97% overseas energy

dependence• High dependence on the Middle

East Asian oil (~70%)

Large CO2 Emission • 10th largest emitter of CO2 in the

world

Rank Energy Consumption

(MTOE/y)

Oil Consumption

(Million Tonnes)

1 USA 2,340 USA 938.8

2 China 1717 China 349.8

3 Russia 647 Japan 235.0

4 India 537 Russia 128.5

5 Japan 530 German 123.5

6 Germany 345 India 120.3

7 France 276 Korea 105.3

8 Canada 272 …

9 UK 234 …

10 Korea 214 …(BP Statistical review 2007)Transition to New Energy

Paradigm is required(2007 key world energy statistics,Published 2005)

I. Korea Energy ReviewI. Korea Energy Review


Seoul Ulchin #1 6∼

Kori #1 4∼► Shin Kori #1, 2

Wolsong #1 4∼

► Shin Wolsong #1,2 Yonggwang #1 6 ∼

Site In Operation Under Const. Total

Kori 4 (3,137) 2 (2,000) 6 (5,137)

Wolsong 4 (2,779) 2 (2,000) 6 (4,779)

Yonggwang 6 (5,900) - 6 (5,900)

Ulchin 6 (5,900) - 6 (5,900)

Total 20 (17,716) 4 (4,000) 24 (21,716)

(Unit: MW)

(As of the end of 2006)

In Operation

► Under Construction

39.0%(148,749)

17.9%(68,109)

4.4%(16,766)

Total : 380,963GWh

1.4%(5,231)

Nuclear

Coal

Gas

Oil

Hydro

Status of Nuclear Power Plants Status of Nuclear Power Plants

36.5%(139,170)



< 2005 Electric Capacity >

Hydro Nuclear Fossil

Contribution of Nuclear Energy Contribution of Nuclear Energy



Atomic Energy Commission

KAERI

KINAC

KINS

KONICOF

KHNP

KNFC

KOPEC

DOOSAN

Prime Minister

MOFAT (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade)

MKE (Ministry of

Knowledge Economy)

Nuclear Safety Commission

MEST (Ministry of Education Science & Technology)

Disarmament and

Nonproliferation Division

President

Fabrics of Korea Nuclear Entities Fabrics of Korea Nuclear Entities

I. Korea Energy ReviewI. Korea Energy Review KHNP : Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power

KOPEC : Korea Power Engineering Company

KNFC : Korea Nuclear Fuel

DOOSAN : Doosan Heavy Industries and construction

KAERI : Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

KINS : Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety

KINAC : Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control

KONICOF : Korea Nuclear International Cooperation Foundation


II.II.Nuclear Technology Development in Nuclear Technology Development in KoreaKorea

Construction ofSodium cooled Liquid Metal Reactor & VHTRFor Hydrogen ProductionReactor

APR1400Reactor Construction

2010

APR1400Reactors TechnologyDevelopment

2001

Present

PWR FuelIndigenization

1990

1987

PHWR Fuel Indigenization

PHWR FuelIndigenizationStarted

1981

KSNPPConstruction

1995

2010SMARTPilot PlantConstruction

PWR System Design Technology Self-Reliance

FOREIGNSUPPLIER-RELIANCE

SELF-RELIANCE INDUSTRIALIZATION

1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s1970s

ResearchRector

“HANARO”(95)First NPP(turnkey)

1971


• OPR1000 (KSNP)

• EPR• AP1000 • APR1400• SMART

Next Generation Reactor Development Next Generation Reactor Development

II.Nuclear Technology Development in II.Nuclear Technology Development in KoreaKorea


Medium size integrated reactor

Electricity production & sea water desalination

Complete basic design of nuclear steam supply system (’02)

SMART

S/G

IHTS Piping

Secondary EM Pump

Reactor Core

Primary Pump

Reactor Vessel

IHX

DHX

Reactor Head

Containment Vessel

S/G

IHTS Piping

Secondary EM Pump

Reactor Core

Primary Pump

Reactor Vessel

IHX

DHX

Reactor Head

Containment Vessel

SFR

Complete conceptual design of KALIMER-600 (’06)

Develop Gen-IV pre-conceptual design

Establish indigenous core, fuel & system concept by 2009

Verify computer code by 2011

Increase burn-up up to 70,000 MWd/tU

Endurance under power up over 20%

Decrease fuel pellet centerline temp. by more than 30%

Advanced Fuel

Start to develop APR1400 (’92)

Start to construction of Shin-Kori unit 3&4 (’07)

Develop APR+ key tech. by 2009

Develop APR+ detail design from 2010

APR-1400/APR+

SCWR

Perform feasibility evaluation by 2009

Develop TRISO fuel & design tech. for VHTR

NuclearHydrogen

Advanced Reactor & FuelAdvanced Reactor & Fuel Advanced Reactor & FuelAdvanced Reactor & Fuel

II.Nuclear Technology Development in II.Nuclear Technology Development in KoreaKorea

Korea Nuclear International Cooperation Foundation10

Develop a 330 MWt reactor for electricity and desalination Provide oversea markets expected to be 500-1,000 units by 2050

SMART Concepts SMART Properties

SMARTSMART SMARTSMART

II. Nuclear Technology Development in II. Nuclear Technology Development in KoreaKorea


The first time Turn-key export project to the

Netherland

Competing with AREVA(France) and INVAP(Argentine)

for the final selection of a tender in 2009

Korean tender consortium : KAERI, KOPEC, Doosan

Heavy Industrial Co., Daewoo Construction Co.

연구로 설계 ( 안 )

Research Reactor-PALLAS ProjectResearch Reactor-PALLAS Project Research Reactor-PALLAS ProjectResearch Reactor-PALLAS Project

II. Nuclear Technology Development in II. Nuclear Technology Development in KoreaKorea


Help promotion of international nuclear energy cooperation activities of Korean government, research institutions, and private sector undertakings.

Implement and coordinate international cooperation projects and activities such as collaborative R&D, meetings, experts exchange, information sharing, etc.

Objectives Objectives

III. KONICOF (Established in 2004)III. KONICOF (Established in 2004)


Activities (1) Activities (1)

Bilateral Cooperation U.S.A, Canada, France, Germany, UK, Spain, Japan, Russia, China, Vietnam,

Indonesia, Australia, Belgium, Turkey, Egypt, Czech, Romania, Kazakhstan,

Ukraine, Brazil, Argentine, Chile (22 countries)

Joint Committees USA, France, Canada, Japan, Russia, UK, China, Australia, Vietnam, Chile (10

countries)

III. KONICOFIII. KONICOF


Multilateral Cooperation

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research, Development and Training

related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific (RCA) Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA) - Global Nuclear Energy Partnership

(GNEP) International Nuclear Regulators Association (INRA) Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA) World Nuclear University (WNU)

Activities (2) Activities (2)



Cooperation with developing countries Cooperation with developing countries

Technology transfer and infrastructure development for the use of nuclear technology Provide opportunities to learn nuclear technology practices in Korea to scientists

and policymakers Implement technical cooperation programs with IAEA

Assistance to develop future generation human resources Provide long-term and short-term training courses at academic institutes in Korea Provide tours to nuclear facilities in Korea for oversea students



Information exchange and publicity Information exchange and publicity

Exchange Information with the international agencies such as IAEA, OECD/NEA

Provide information and news on nuclear related issues and events in Korean and English through the web-site



Assurance of non-diversion of nuclear materials, items and technologies for the military purposes

Confidence building for peaceful nuclear activities

Active participation on international cooperation Transparency and credibility enhancement through maintaining a

strong national nuclear control system

Peaceful uses of nuclear energy and related technology

IV. Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and control, KINAC (Established in 2004)IV. Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and control, KINAC (Established in 2004)

Goal of National Nonproliferation Policy Goal of National Nonproliferation Policy


Korea Nonproliferation Policy Bases Korea Nonproliferation Policy Bases

Joint Declaration of Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula(1992)- To remove the danger of nuclear war on the Korean peninsula, the ROK and the DPRK declared: Prohibition of testing, construction, production, acquisition, possession, deployment

and use of nuclear weapons Use of nuclear energy only for peaceful purposes No possession of reprocessing or enrichment facilities

Four Principles on the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy (2004) Korea reaffirms that it does not have any intension of developing or possessing

nuclear weapons Korea will firmly maintain its principle of nuclear transparency, and will strengthen its

cooperation with the international community to this end. Korea will faithfully abide by international agreements on nuclear non-proliferation With the confidence of the international community, Korea will expand the peaceful

use of nuclear energy

IV. KINACIV. KINAC


Activities Activities

Verify and assess major nuclear activities and administer import/export control system for trigger lists

Develop safeguards technology and physical protection technologies

Support the government in developing appropriate policies on nonproliferation and nuclear control

IV. KINACIV. KINAC


V. International Nuclear Safety School, INSS(Established in 2007)V. International Nuclear Safety School, INSS(Established in 2007)

Inspector Certification Program Nuclear facilities safety management, radiation safety management, QA, and

radiological emergency preparedness

Inspector competency program (1 week)

New inspector qualification program (4 weeks)

Regulatory Competency Program Regulatory Competency Program


V. INSSV. INSS

Training for Iraq in 2006- Decommissioning & decontamination (2 weeks)

Training for Indonesia in 2007- Safety regulation in general and OPR-1000 system (4 weeks)

International Training Courses- IAEA training courses and workshops

- Basic courses on nuclear safety regulation (1~2 weeks)

International Training Exercised International Training Exercised


VI. RCA Regional Office (Established in 2002)VI. RCA Regional Office (Established in 2002)

Promote peaceful use of nuclear technologies to assist regional and national needs

Implement the directives of the RCA Member States as agreed upon at the Meetings of National RCA Representatives

Responsibilities Responsibilities

Activities Activities

Oversee RCA projects implementationProvide inputs from member countries to the IAEA RCA

office and vice versa


- Radiation Technology

- Nuclear Medicine

- Safety Infrastructure

Non Power

- Gen IV

- INPRO

- ITER

Power

VII. International R&D Programs InvolvementVII. International R&D Programs Involvement


VII. International R&D Programs Involvement : GEN IV VII. International R&D Programs Involvement : GEN IV

System Integration & Assessment Evaluation and assessment of outcomes of completed projects

Safety & Operation Experiments and analytical model development for safety assessment Operation and technology testing campaigns in reactors

Advanced Fuel Development of high-burn-up fuel systems Techniques for recycle fuels that contain minor actinides and possibly trace fission products

Component Design & BOP Development of the balance of plant Experimental and analytical evaluation of advanced in-service inspection and repair

technologies

SFR (Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor System) SFR (Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor System)


VII. International R&D Programs Involvement : GEN IV VII. International R&D Programs Involvement : GEN IV

VHTR (Very High Temperature Reactor System) VHTR (Very High Temperature Reactor System)

Design, Safety & IntegrationMaterials ComponentsFuel and Fuel CycleHydrogen Production Computational Methods Validation & Benchmarks


VII. International R&D Programs Involvement : GEN IV VII. International R&D Programs Involvement : GEN IV VII. International R&D Programs Involvement : GEN IV VII. International R&D Programs Involvement : GEN IV

SCWR (Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor System) SCWR (Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor System)

Thermal-Hydraulics and Safety

Heat transfer and safety database Thermal-hydraulics and safety analysis at prototypical SCWR conditions

Materials and Chemistry

Selection of key materials for use both in-core and out-core definition of a reference water chemistry, based on materials compatibility and radiolysis

behavior at supercritical conditions.


Purpose: To demonstrate scientific and technological feasibility of

fusion energy for peaceful purposes, an essential feature of which be

achieving sustained fusion power generation (JIA Article 2).

Designed to produce 500 MW of fusion power for an extended period of time.

Q is ~10: Fusion power is 10 times more than needed to run it.

Demonstrate or develop all the new technologies required for fusion power plants, except materials endurance.

10 years construction, 20 years operation.

ITER: International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (the way in Latin)

- ITER is ITER is a Unique Scientific,a Unique Scientific, Technological and Industrial ProjectTechnological and Industrial Project ITER is the bridge toward a first plant that will demonstrate the large-scale production of electrical power ; DEMO

Purpose of the ITER ProjectPurpose of the ITER Project Purpose of the ITER ProjectPurpose of the ITER Project

VII. VII. International R&D Programs InvolvementInternational R&D Programs Involvement : Korean Fusion and : Korean Fusion and ITER ProjectsITER ProjectsVII. VII. International R&D Programs InvolvementInternational R&D Programs Involvement : Korean Fusion and : Korean Fusion and ITER ProjectsITER Projects


Theory of Fission and FusionTheory of Fission and Fusion Theory of Fission and FusionTheory of Fission and Fusion

Fission Fusion

Figure1 : A neutron hits uranium-235 atom, then uranium-235 fissions into two atoms releasing a large amount of energy

Figure2 : Two nuclel, here deuterium and tritium, fuse together to form hellum, a neutron, and a large amount of energy


Overall sharing:EU 5/11, other six parties 1/11 each. Overall contingency of 10% of total. Total amount: 3,578 kIUA (ITER Units of Account)

European Union

CN

IN

RF

KO

JP

US

Total procurement value : 3,021

Staff : 477

R&D : 80

Total kIUA : 3,578

(about 5,079 million Euro in 2007)

Contribution of local communities in PACA Region : € 467 M

ITER Construction Sharing (2007-2016)ITER Construction Sharing (2007-2016) ITER Construction Sharing (2007-2016)ITER Construction Sharing (2007-2016)


Phase 3Phase 2 Phase 12007 2012 2022 2036

KSTAR Operation

Obtain Steady State Plasma Heating, Diagnostics and Control Technologies

Implement the role of Test Bed for ITER Device and Technologies

ITER Construction (2016) & Operation

Obtain Tokamak Fusion Reactor Device Technologies during ITER Construction

Build up Knowledge and Experience for Key Reactor Technologies, Plasma Operation and Control by Participating in ITER Operation

DEMO EDA & Construction (2030’s) & OperationDEMO EDA & Construction (2030’s) & Operation

Play a Leading Role for DEMO Design around 2020 & Construction

Demonstrate Electricity Production using DEMO around 2035

KO Fusion Reactor (2040’s)

Complete Engineering Design for KO Fusion Reactor around 2035

Produce Electricity from Commercial Fusion Reactor in 2040’s

Reactor Engineering &

Technology Development

(Fusion Material)

Reactor Engineering &

Technology Development

(Fusion Material)

2040’s

Korean Fusion Energy Development Road-MapKorean Fusion Energy Development Road-Map Korean Fusion Energy Development Road-MapKorean Fusion Energy Development Road-Map


EU US Japan China Russia Korea India

Construction Phase 45.46% 9.09% 9.09% 9.09% 9.09% 9.09% 9.09%

Operation, Deactivation & Decommissioning

Phases34% 13% 13% 10% 10% 10% 10%

~ 2007 ~ 2016

Deactivation281 MEuro

Operation188 kIUA/y

Construction3,577.7 kIUA

~ 2036 ~ 2040

JIA Negotiation

& ITA R&D

Decommissioning530 MEuro

• Total Cost of Korean Participation for ITER Project : ~1.2 billion Euro• Total Cost for ITER Project until 2040 : 11.23 billion Euro

ITER Contribution and Total Cost by PhasesITER Contribution and Total Cost by Phases ITER Contribution and Total Cost by PhasesITER Contribution and Total Cost by Phases


VIII. KONICOF Working Towards the FutureVIII. KONICOF Working Towards the Future

Support international activities of the government and private sector undertakings to secure future sustainable energy

Strengthen collaboration with international organizations and individual countries for the peaceful use of nuclear technologies

Contribute international efforts against misuse of nuclear materials and on nonproliferation