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Informations about Athletics for good.
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DEFINITION
TYPES/KINDS
EQUIPMENTS
RECORDS
ATHLETICS
-exercises, sports, or games engaged in by athletes or the practice or principles of athletic activities.
ATHLETICS
THE COMMON TYPES OF ATHLETICS COMPETITIONS
TRACK & FIELD
ROAD RUNNING
CROSS COUNTRY RUNNING
RACEWALKING
Track and field is a sport comprising various competitive athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing. The name of the sport derives from the competition venue: a stadium with an oval running track around a grass field. The throwing and jumping events generally take place in the central enclosed area.
MEASURES OF A TRACK
Road running is the sport of running on a measured course over an established road (as opposed to track and cross country running). These events would be classified as long distance according to athletics terminology, with distances typically ranging from 5 kilometers to 42.2 kilometers in the marathon. They may involve large numbers of runners or wheelchair entrants. Road running is part of a group of road events known as "road races".
Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain. The course, typically 4–12 kilometers (2.5–7.5 mi) long, may include surfaces of grass and earth, pass through woodlands and open country, and include hills, flat ground and sometimes gravel road. It is both an individual and a team sport; runners are judged on individual times and a points-scoring method for teams. Both men and women of all ages compete in cross country, which usually takes place during autumn and winter and can include weather conditions of rain, sleet, snow or hail, and a wide range of temperatures.
Racewalking, or race walking, is a long-distance athletic event. Although it is a foot race, it is different from running in that one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at all times. Stride length is reduced, so to achieve competitive speeds, racewalkers must attain cadence rates comparable to those achieved by Olympic 800-meter runners and they must do so for hours at a time since the Olympic events are the 20 km (12.4 mi) race walk (men and women) and 50 km (31 mi) race walk (men only), and 50 mile (80.5 km) events are also held.
EQUIPMENTS USED IN ATHLETICS
Timing DevicesA fully automatic timing system or electric or digital stopwatches are recommended. When Fully Automatic Timing (FAT) is used, times will be recorded in one one-hundredth (1/100) of a second. Most manual timing devices are equipped with a button for start, a button for stop and a reset button. All manual times will be recorded in one-tenth (1/10) of a second.
Starting PistolA starting pistol should be used during training sessions. Special Olympics athletes should be exposed to the gun prior to participating in a competitive event. Suitable replacements for the gun are a bell (mandatory in an indoor track), whistle, clapping 2 pieces of wood together or verbal start.
Starting Blocks The use of starting blocks is optional. Starting blocks should be anchored behind the starting line so that when in the start position, the athlete's hands are set just behind the starting line. The blocks must be adjustable to allow the athlete to attain the most beneficial starting position.
Hurdles Hurdles that suit the ability of the athletes should be used. Competitive hurdles shouldn't b e used until athletes have learned the basis of hurdling technique over practice hurdles. Practice hurdles can be collapsible or designed to fall over easily. Practice hurdles come in many forms — from a light stick balanced on traffic cones to specifically designed beginner/practice hurdles.
Relay BatonOne relay baton is needed for each participating relay team. Batons measuring 10cm in circumference are made of anodized aluminum or lightweight unbreakable plastic. For practice, the following materials cut into 30cm lengths and having smooth edges can be utilized: dowels, old broom handles or PVC pipe.
Shot PutsOutdoor shots, made of iron, and indoor shots, covered with hard plastic, are acceptable for use in SSOO, and either type may be used in competition as long as the following minimum weight requirements are followed:Men:4 kg. Women:2.72 kg
SoftballsOfficial size (30cm) and weight (blue dot, traditional flight) softballs are recommended. Usually a dozen softballs are adequate for a training session. Tennis balls can be substituted for use by lower functioning and multi-handicapped athletes.
WORLD RECORDS IN
ATHLETICS
100m
run
WR Men 9.58 10.44 Usain Bolt JAMAug 16, 2009
Berlin, Germany
OR Men 9.69 10.32 Usain Bolt JAMAug 16, 2008
Beijing, China
WR Women 10.49 9.53Florence Griffith Joyner
USA Jul 16, 1988Indianapolis, USA
OR Women 10.62 9.42Florence Griffith Joyner
USA Sep 24, 1988 Seul, Korea
200m
WR Men 19.19 10.42 Usain Bolt USAAug 20, 2009
Berlin, Germany
OR Men 19.30 10.36 Usain Bolt JAMAug 20, 2008
Beijing, China
WR Women 21.34 9.37Florence Griffith Joyner
USASep 29, 1988
Seul, Korea
OR Women 21.34 9.37Florence Griffith Joyner
USASep 29, 1988
Seul, Korea
400m
run
WR Men 43.18 9.26Michael Johnson
USAAug 26, 1999
Seville, Spain
OR Men 43.49 9.20Michael Johnson
USAJul 29, 1996
Atlanta, GA, USA
WR Women
47.60 8.40Marita Koch
GDROct 06, 1985
Canberra, Australia
OR Women
48.25 8.29Marie José Pérec
FRAJul 29, 1996
Atlanta, GA, USA
800m
run
WR Men 1:41.01 7.92David Rudisha
KENAug 29, 2010
Rieti, Italy
OR Men 1:42.58 7.80Vebjørn Rodal
NOR Jul 31, 1996Atlanta, GA, USA
WR Women 1:53.28 7.06Jarmila Kratochvílová
CSK Jul 26, 1983Monachium, Germany
OR Women 1:53.43 7.05Nadezhda Olizarenko
URS Jul 27, 1980Moscow, USSR
1500m
run
WR Men 3:26.00 7.28Hicham El Guerrouj
MARSep 05, 1998
Rome, Italy
OR Men 3:32.07 7.07Noah Ngeny
KENSep 29, 2000
Sydney, Australia
WR Women
3:50.46 6.51 Qu Yunxia CHNSep 11, 1993
Beijing, China
OR Women
3:53.96 6.41Paula Ivan
ROMSep 26, 1988
Seoul, Korea
5000m
run
WR Men 12:37.35 6.60Kenenisa Bekele
ETHMay 31, 2004
Hangelo, Holand
OR Men 12:57.82 6.43Kenenisa Bekele
ETHAug 23, 2008
Beijing, China
WR Women
14:11.15 5.87Tirunesh Dibaba
ETHJun 06, 2008
Oslo, Norway
OR Women
14:40.79 5.68Gabriela Szabo
ROMSep 25, 2000
Sydney, Australia
10000m
run
WR Men 26:17.53 6.34Kenenisa Bekele
ETHAug 26, 2005
Brussels, Belgium
OR Men 27:01.17 6.17Kenenisa Bekele
ETHAug 17, 2008
Beijing, China
WR Women
29:31.78 5.64Wang Junxia
CHNSep 08, 1993
Beijing, China
OR Women
29:54.66 5.57Tirunesh Dibaba
ETHAug 15, 2008
Beijing, China
Marathon
(42195m)
WR Men 2:03:38 5.69Patrick Makau Musyoki
KENSep 25, 2011
Berlin, Germany
OR Men 2:06:32 5.56Samuel Wanjiru
KENAug 24, 2008
Beijing, China
WR Women 2:15:25 5.19Paula Radcliffe
UKApr 13, 2005
London, UK
OR Women 2:23:14 4.91Naoko Takahashi
JPNSep 24, 2000
Sydney, Australia
100m
Hurdles
WR Men - - - - - -
OR Men - - - - - -
WR Women
12.21 8.19Jordanka Donkova
BULAug 20, 1988
Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
OR Women
12.37 8.08Joanna Hayes
USAAug 24, 2004
Athens, Greece
110m
Hurdles
WR Men 12.87 8.55Dayron Robles
CUBJun 12, 2008
Ostrava, Czech Rep
OR Men 12.91 8.52 Xiang Liu CHNAug 27, 2004
Athens, Greece
WR Women
- - - - -
OR Women
- - - - - -
400m
Hurdles
WR Men 46.78 8.55 Kevin Young USAAug 06, 1992
Barcelona, Spain
OR Men 46.78 8.55 Kevin Young USAAug 06, 1992
Barcelona, Spain
WR Women 52.34 7.64Yuliya Pechonkina
RUSAug 08, 2003
Tula, Russia
OR Women 52.64 7.60Melaine Walker
JAMAug 20, 2008
Beijing, China
3000m
Steeplechase
WR Men 7:53.63 6.33Saif Saaeed Shaheen
QUA Sep 03, 2004Brussels, Belgium
OR Men 8:05.51 6.18 Julius Kariuki KEN Sep 30, 1988 Seoul, Korea
WR Women 8:58.81 5.57Gulnara Samitova-galkina
RUS Aug 17, 2008 Beijing, China
OR Women 8:58.81 5.57Gulnara Samitova-galkina
RUS Aug 17, 2008 Beijing, China
4x100m
Relay
WR Men 37.04 10.80
Nesta CarterMichael FraterYohan BlakeUsain Bolt
JAM Sep 04, 2011 Taegu, Korea
OR Men 37.10 10.78
Nesta CarterMichael FraterUsain BoltAsafa Powell
JAM Aug 22, 2008Beijing, China
WR Women 41.37 9.67
Silke GladischSabine RiegerIngrid AuerswaldMarlies Göhr
GDR Oct 06, 1985Canberra, Australia
OR Women 41.60 9.62
Romy MüllerBärbel WöckelIngrid AuerswaldMarlies Göhr
GDR Aug 01, 1980Moscow, USSR
4x400m
Relay
WR Men 2:54.29 9.18
Andrew ValmonQuincy WattsButch ReynoldsMichael Johnson
USA Aug 22, 1993Stuttgart, Germany
OR Men 2:55.39 9.12
Lashawn MerrittAngelo TaylorDavid NevilleJeremy Wariner
USA Aug 23, 2008 Beijing, China
WR Women 3:15.17 8.20
Tatyana LedovskayaOlga NazarovaMariya PiniginaOlga Bryzgina
URS Oct 01, 1988 Seul, Korea
OR Women 3:15.17 8.20
Tatyana LedovskayaOlga NazarovaMariya PiniginaOlga Bryzgina
URS Oct 01, 1988 Seul, Korea
20km
Walk
WR Men 1:16:43 4.34Sergey Morozov
RUSJun 08, 2008
Saransk, Russia
OR Men 1:18:59 4.22Robert Korzeniowski
POLSep 22, 2000
Sydney, Australia
WR Women
1:25:08 3.92Vera Sokolova
RUSFeb 26, 2011
Sochi, Russia
OR Women 1:26:31 3.85Olga Kaniskina
RUSAug 21, 2008
Beijing, China
50km
Walk
WR Men 3:34:14 3.89Denis Nizhegorodov
RUSMay 11, 2008
Cheboksary, Russia
OR Men 3:37:09 3.84Alex Schwazer
ITAAug 22, 2008
Beijing, China
WR Women
- - - - -
OR Women
- - - - - -
HighJump
WR Men 2.45m -Javier Sotomayor
CUB Jul 27, 1993Salamanca, Spain
OR Men 2.39m -Charles Austin
USA Jul 28, 1996Atlanta, GA, USA
WR Women 2.09m -Stefka Kostadinova
BULAug 30, 1987
Rome, Italy
OR Women 2.06m -Yelena Slesarenko
RUSAug 28, 2004
Athens, Greece
LongJump
WR Men 8.95m - Mike Powell USA Aug 30, 1991 Tokyo, Japan
OR Men 8.90m - Bob Beamon USA Oct 18, 1968Mexico City, Mexico
WR Women 7.52m -Galina Chistyakova
URS Jun 11, 1988Leningrad, USSR
OR Women 7.40m -Jackie Joyner Kersee
USA Sep 29, 1988 Seoul, Korea
PoleVault
WR Men 6.14m -Sergey Bubka
UKRJul 31, 1994
Sestriere, Italy
OR Men 5.96m -Steven Hooker
AUSAug 22, 2008
Beijing, China
WR Women 5.06m -Yelena Isinbayeva
RUSAug 28, 2009
Zurich, Switzerland
OR Women 5.05m -Yelena Isinbayeva
RUSAug 18, 2008
Beijing, China
TripleJump
WR Men 18.29m -Jonathan Edwards
UKAug 07, 1995
Göteborg, Sweden
OR Men 18.09m -Kenny Harrison
USA Jul 27, 1996Atlanta, GA, USA
WR Women 15.50m -Inessa Kravets
UKRAug 10, 1995
Göteborg, Sweden
OR Women 15.39m -Françoise Mbango Etone
CMRAug 17, 2008
Beijing, China
ShotPut
WR Men 23.12m -Randy Barnes
USAMay 20, 1990
Westwood, USA
OR Men 22.47m -Ulf Timmermann
GDRSep 23, 1988
Seoul, Korea
WR Women 22.63m -Natalya Lisovskaya
URSJun 07, 1987
Moscow, USSR
OR Women 22.41m -Ilona Slupianek
GDRJul 24, 1980
Moscow, USSR
DiscusThrow
WR Men 74.08m -Jürgen Schult
GDR Jun 06, 1986Neubrandenburg, Germany
OR Men 69.89m -Virgilijus Alekna
LTUAug 23, 2004
Athens, Greece
WR Women 76.80m -Gabriele Reinsch
GDR Jul 09, 1988Neubrandenburg, Germany
OR Women 72.30m -Martina Hellmann
GDRSep 29, 1988
Seul, Korea
HammerThrow
WR Men 86.74m -Jurij Siedych
URSAug 30, 1986
Stuttgart, Germany
OR Men 84.80m -Sergey Litvinov
URSSep 26, 1988
Seoul, Korea
WR Women 79.42m -Betty Heidler
GDRMay 21, 2011
Halle, Germany
OR Women 76.34m -Aksana Miankova
BLRAug 20, 2008
Beijing, China
JavelinThrow
WR Men 98.48m - Jan železný CZE May 25, 1996Jena, Germany
OR Men 90.57m -Andreas Thorkildsen
NOR Aug 23, 2008 Beijing, China
WR Women 72.28m -Barbora špotáková
CZE Sep 13, 2008Stuttgart, Germany
OR Women 71.53m -Osleidys Menéndez
CUB Aug 27, 2004Athens, Greece
Decathlon(Men)
Heptatlon(Women)
WR Men 9039 -Ashton Eaton
USAJun 23, 2012
Eugene, US
OR Men 8893 -Roman šebrle
CZEAug 24, 2004
Athens, Greece
WR Women
7291 -Jackie Joyner Kersee
USASep 24, 1988
Seoul, Korea
OR Women
7291 -Jackie Joyner Kersee
USASep 24, 1988
Seoul, Korea
http://sports.specialolympics.org/specialo.org/Special_/English/Coach/Coaching/ATHLETIC/PLANNING/ATHLET-4.HTM
http://records.unitarium.com/athletic-records
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_(sport)#History
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_(sport)
SOURCES:
Google.comGoogle.com/images