Name:-

Nishant

Kumar

Class:- 9th ‘A’

School No.:-108

Subject:-English

Lawn Tennis is a game played indoors or outdoors on a rectangular court by two persons (in singles), or by four persons (women's and men's double) or by men and women partners (mixed doubles). The players use rackets to strike a ball back and forth across a net. The object is to score points by hitting the ball out of the opponents reach or in such a way that he cannot return it successfully.

The origin of the tennis

The origin of the game is varied and ancient. It was at first a solemn fertility rite in Egypt and in the Middle East. Another view is that, the term 'tennis' is derived from an Egyptian town on the Nile known as Tennis and 'racket' is derived from an Arab word rahat. Records confirm that tennis was played in France in the 12th century at first with the palm of the hand. It was played by monks and later by kings. Because of the enthusiasm, the sport came to be called royal tennis. After 1800, court tennis began to experience a decline and lawn tennis came into being. The game became standardised in 1877.

Lawn Tennis• During the period of Victorian Prosperity,

enthusiasts had been trying for some time to adapt the game into an open-air sport and was brought upon by the development of vulcanized rubber. This enabled balls that were soft enough to not damage the grass, but still maintain the elasticity of rubber.

• Courts were being built in many country houses and the first tennis clubs providing facilities for members started to appear.

• The biggest boost for tennis came in 1875, when the All England Croquet Club decided to offer lawn tennis as an added attraction. It was so popular that the club decided to change it’s name to the All England Croquet and Tennis Club. In 1877, the first ever Lawn Tennis tournament was organized with 22 players and 200 spectators. The Wimbledon Championship was born.

Ancient Tennis• It was in France that the game as we

know it today really came into being.• The French players would begin a

game by shouting ‘teniz’ or ‘Play!’ and this is how it got it’s name.

• Real Tennis was actually very different from the game we know today. It was played indoors, the ball was hit off the walls, and the ball went into chases instead of only bouncing once.

• Tennis spread throughout Europe, becoming especially popular in England.

Tennis in India

The game started in India in the late 19th century. The first All India Championships in Tennis were held in 1910, in which both men and women took part. India reached the top challenging position in the Davis Cup Tournament, a couple of times. Several Indians made an impression on the tennis courts. Sleem, Deane, Ranga Rao, S. M. Hadi, E. V. Bobb, P. L. Mehta, Brooke Edwards and Balagopalan were among the pioneers of Indian tennis. Among women, Leila Rao, Jenny Sanderson, Kusum Mehta and Khanum Haji were the celebrated stars.Ramanathan Krishnan with Naresh Kumar was a great force in the doubles, winning the National and the Asian Championships a number of times. The Amritraj brothers - Vijay and Anand proved to be among the best pairs in doubles.Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes became the first doubles team to reach four Grand Slam finals. They won French Open and Wimbledon.

ScoringSingles • If a player wins his first point, the score is called 15 for that player; on winning his

second point, the score is called 30 for that player; on winning his third point, the score is called 40 for that player, and the fourth point won by a player is scored game for that player except as below:- If both players have won three points, the score is called deuce; and the next point won by a player is scored advantage for that player. If the same player wins the next point, he wins the game; if the other player wins the next point the score is again called deuce; and so on, until a player wins the two points immediately following the score at deuce, when the game is scored for that player.

Doubles • In doubles a similar procedure to that for singles shall apply. At deuce the

Receiving Team shall choose whether it wishes to receive the Service from the right-half of the court or the left-half of the court. The team who wins the deciding point is scored the game.

Mixed Doubles • In mixed doubles, a slightly different procedure will apply as follows: At deuce,

with the male player serving, he shall serve to the male player of the opposing team irrespective of which half of the court he is standing, and when the female player is serving, she shall serve to the female player of the opposing team.

Tennis court

TENNIS COURT Rectangular, flat surface, usually grass, clay, or a hard court of concrete and/or asphalt.•78 feet (23.77 m) long and 27 feet (8.23 m) wide for singles.•78 feet (23.77 m) long 36 feet (10.97 m) wide for doubles matches.•Net is 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 m) high at the posts and 3 feet (914 mm) high in the center.•Additional clear space around the court is required in order for players to reach overrun balls. A net is stretched across the full width of the court, parallel with the baselines, dividing it into two equal ends.

The game of Tennis is played on a rectangular flat surface which is called court and the court is usually of three types-

TYPES OF TENNIS COURTS

•Clay court - (green clay, mainly in the U.S. and red clay)

•Grass court

•Hard court - (cement, rebound ace, coated asphalt)

Clay courts are considered as "slow" court which means the balls bounces relatively high and more slowly, making is difficult for player to hit an unreturnable shot. On clay courts, line calls are easily reviewable because the ball leaves a visible mark. The French Open is played on Clay court.

Clay court

Grass court as considered as "fast" court and it adds an additional variable, with bounces depending on how healthy the grass is and how recently it has been mowed. Of the major Grand Slam tournaments, the Wimbledon is played on grass court.

Grass court

The hard court encompasses many different surfaces, ranging from old-fashioned concrete courts to coated asphalt to wooden gymnasium surfaces to artificial grass similar to Astroturf. Hard courts are also considered as "fast" surfaces, where fast, low bounces keep rallies short, and powerful, hard-serving players have an advantage. Australian Open and U.S. Open use hard courts - though both originally used grass courts.

Hard court

Major Lawn Tennis Tournaments – [Grand Slam] Australian Open French Open Wimbledon

US Open

Australian Open

• Location:- Melbourne Australia • Venue:- Melbourne Park• Court type:- hard courts

French Open

• Location:- Paris, France• Venue:- Tennis Club de Paris, at Auteuil(some of the years from

1891–1908)Île de Puteau (some of the years from 1891–1908)Racing Club de France (all years from 1910–1924, 1926)Société Athlétique de la Villa Primrose in Bordeaux (1909)Stade Français (1925, 1927)Stade Roland Garros (1928–present)

• Court type :- Clay court

Wimbledon

• Location:- Wimbledon, London Borough of MertonUnited Kingdom.

• Venue:-The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club.

• Court type :- grass court.

US Open

• Location:- New York• Venue:-USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Centre• Court type :- hard courts

Tennis Terms• Ace:- A powerful serve that blows by the receiver. Or an amazing tennis player.• Advantage in:- The server has the advantage and can win on the next point.• Advantage out :- The receiver has the advantage and can win on the next point.• Backhand:- A tennis stroke where your racquet arm crosses over your body to hit

the ball with the back of your racquet hand facing the ball.• Ball Person :- The person who gathers the balls that went out of play.• Baseline :- The chalk line at the end of the court that marks out-of-bounds.• Court :- The area where you play the game of tennis. Can be made of grass, clay or

concrete.• Crosscourt :- When you hit the ball diagonally over the net onto your opponent's

side of the court.• Deuce :- A score of 40-40.• Dink :- A tennis shot with little or no pace.• Doubles :- A four-player game of tennis, with two players on each side of the court.• Fault :- A failed serve that doesn't make it into the service box.• Frame :- The head or top of the racquet where the strings are.

• First Service :- The first serve.• Follow Through :- The part of your tennis swing after you hit the ball.• Forehand :- Tennis stroke where your racquet hand faces forward.• Game Point :- When the leading player needs one point to win.• Grand Slam :- Four major tennis tournaments: Wimbledon, U.S. Open, the French

Open and the Australian Open.• Head :- Part of the tennis racquet contained the frame and strings.• Let :- A voided serve where a served ball hits the net but makes it onto the service

court.• Lob :- Tennis stroke where you hit the ball high above the net and it goes deep.• Love :- Score of zero in tennis.• Match Point :- When the leading player can win the match with just one point.• Mixed Doubles :- A doubles match where each team contains one male and one

female.

Tennis Terms

• Net :- White netting spanning the middle of the tennis court.• No-Man's Land :- Area of the tennis court between the baseline and service line.• Out :- Any tennis ball that goes outside of the designated playing area.• Point :- Time between the successful serve until the ball goes out.• Racquet :- Tennis equipment used to hit the ball over the net. Also called a stick.• Receiver :- The player who is receiving the serve.• Serve or Service :- Hitting the tennis ball to a certain point on the tennis court.• Singles :- A two-player game of tennis, with one player on each side of the court.• Stroke :- Way of hitting a tennis ball. Can be forehand or backhand. • Volley :- Volleying is when you hit the tennis ball before it touches the ground.

Tennis Terms

Do you know?????

• Yellow tennis balls were used at Wimbledon for the first time in 1986 .

• The fastest server in the women's tennis was done by Venus Williams who recorded a serve of 205 km/h .

• Henry "Bunny" Austin was the first player to wear shorts at Wimbledon in 1932.

• Every year, 24 tons of Kent strawberries are ordered for the Championships at Wimbledon.

• Wimbledon is the only major tennis tournament still played on grass.

• Margaret Smith Court holds the record with 24 Grand Slam singles titles.

• The first women to play in the Wimbledon tournament wore full length dresses.

• The game of tennis comes from Great Britain. • Venus and Serena Williams became the first set of

sisters to ever win Olympic gold medals in tennis. • The first African American to win the US open was

Arthur Ashe.