Joshua BritoShawn Mooney

A.J. FioreAdam Fraley

Introduction Sports involve certain levels of physical

violence, but include restrictions and penalties for excessive and dangerous use of force.

Violence in sports may include threats, or physical harm and may be carried out by athletes, coaches, fans, spectators, or the parents of younger athletes.

Sports UsedBasketballIce HockeyLacrosse

Category:

•Men’s Sport

•Women Sports

PredictionsSports are watched due to violenceMen’s sports= more violenceWomen’s sports = less contactNot okay for athlete to carry firearms on or

off the fieldSports and the violence do have an affect on

individuals watching

Data DescriptionSample size: 109 completed; 125 passed out,

3 tossed out due to incoherency, Sample Size= 106

Paper Surveys

Random Sampling

Approaches to SurveysSurveyed Age group- 18-23 ( 7 surveyed 30

and older)

Individuals who watch sports

Locations: Library, Student Center, Wilkes Fitness Center (Gym)

Question Asked Do you watch sports for the pleasure of

violence?Yes No  Do you think more violent sports are more

entertaining than non contact sport?Yes No Do you think that violence in sports is

condoned to increase ratings in less popular sports?

Yes No

Questions Asked Rate the following sports whether you agree they are popular for violence.A. Football Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly AgreeB. Baseball Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly AgreeC. Basketball Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly AgreeD. Ice Hockey Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly AgreeE. Boxing Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly AgreeF. Mixed Martial Arts Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly AgreeG. Lacrosse Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree 

Questions AskedIn general, rate the violence levels in Men’s and Women’s

sports. 1 less violent and 5 most violent Men’s Sports 1 2 3 4 5Women’s Sports 1 2 3 4 5 Rate the following sports in terms of violence levels between

men’s and women’s sports. (1 being less violent, 5 being most violent)

A. Men’s Basketball 1 2 3 4 5 b. Women’s Basketball 1 2 3 4 5

A. Men’s Ice Hockey 1 2 3 4 5 b. Women’s Ice Hockey1 2 3 4 5

A. Men’s Soccer 1 2 3 4 5 b. Women’s Soccer 1 2 3 4 5

A. Men’s lacrosse 1 2 3 4 5 b. Women’s lacrosse 1 2 3 4 5

Questions AskedDo you think that clean players attract as much

attention as dirty players (meaning do players like Wes Welker have as many fans as players like Terrell Owens)

Yes NoDo you think it is okay for athletes to carry firearms

off the field for protection (Such as Plaxico Burress carrying a firearm into a night club)

Yes No Do you think sports violence has an impact on

individuals thinking it is okay to be violent in the real world?

Yes No

Male or Female

Age Breakdown

30323335384647

0.94 Percent Age Groups:

Watching for the Pleasure of Violence

Percentage

One Sample Hypothesis TestHypothesis: 50% or more people watch sports

for Violence.Null: mu>= 0.50, People watch sports for

ViolenceAlternative mu< 0.50People do not watch

sports for violence 1 tailed testSample Mean 0.33Population Mean 0.50Standard Deviation 0.05Sample Size 106Degrees Freedom105

One Sample Hypothesis TestingTest Statistic= -38.14Critical Measure= 1.66Observed<critical Reject the nullP-value= 1.22E-63Alpha Level= .05P-value < alpha level Reject the null50% or more people do not watch sports for

violence.

Are contact sports more entertaining than non-contact?

Confidence Interval for Q2The population is the entire group of test

takers with a 95% confidence levelPoint Estimate = .6698Critical Measure= 1.959Standard Error= .0458Upper Limit= .7597Lower Limit= .5798The average in a range with the calculated

error in both directions is (.5798-.7597) Meaning the average is between 57% and 75%

One Sample Hypothesis TestHypothesis: 50% or more think violent sports

are more entertaining than non-contact sportsNull: mu>=0.5, Violent sports are more

entertainingAlternative mu<0.5, Violent sports are not more

entertainingOne-tailSample Mean= .66Pop. Mean = 0.5St Dev= .05Sample Size=106

One Sample Hypothesis TestObs Statistic= 35.89Critical Measure= 1.66Obs> critical Accept the Null P-value= 4.53E-61Alpha Level 0.5P-value< a-level Accept the Null50% or more think violent sports are more

entertaining than non-contact sports

Do Violent Sports increase TV ratings

Confidence IntervalThe entire group was used in the sample with

a 95% confidencelevelPoint Estimate= 0.575Critical Measure= 1.9599Standard Error= .0482Upper Limit= .669Lower Limit= .4804The average is in between the range of

(0.4804-0.669)

One Sample Hypothesis TestHypothesis 50% or more people believe that

violence is condoned in sports to increase ratings in less popular sports

Null: mu>=0.5, Sports violence is condonedAlternative mu<0.5, Sports Violence is not

condonedOne-tailSample Mean= .575Pop. Mean = 0.5St Dev= .05Sample Size=106

One Sample Hypothesis TestObs Statistic= 16.01Critical Measure= 1.66Obs> critical Accept the Null P-value= 3.08E-30Alpha Level 0.5P-value< a-level Accept the Null50% or more think that violence is condoned

in sports to increase ratings

Two sample Hypothesis Testing for the proportionHypothesis: Ice Hockey(mu1) has an equal

level of violence as Lacrosse(mu2)Null: mu1=mu2, There is no differenceAlternative: mu1<>mu2, There is a

differencesample mean 1 4.44 stdev 1 81.6% sample

size 1 106 sample mean 2 3.25 stdev 2 81.9% sample

size 2 106

Two Sample Testtest statistic (obs) 10.625 critical measure 0.009 degrees of freedom 2 |obs| > critical?? yes Reject The Null p-value 0.009 a-level 0.050 p-value < a-level?? yes Reject The nullThere is a difference

Men think Women’s Basketball is more violent than Men’s BasketballNull: Men think Women’s Basketball is more

violent or equal to Men’s Basketball mu1>=mu2Alternative: Men believe that Women’s Basketball

is not more violent than Men’s Basketball, mu1<mu2

sample mean 1 1.87 stdev 1 93.1% sample size 1 106

sample mean 2 2.61 stdev 2 90.3% sample size 2 106

one-tailed or two tailed? 1t -Test

Two Sample Test cont.t test statistic (obs) (5.866) critical measure 0.014 degrees of freedom 2 |obs| > critical?? Yes Reject The Null p-value 0.014 a-level .05p-value < a-level?? yes Reject The null Men

do not think women’s basketball is more violent than men’s basketball

Does men’s ice hockey have more violence than women’s ice hockeyNull: There is more violence in men’s hockeyAlternative: There is not more violence in

men’s hockeycorrelation 0.125555888slope 0.075180483 intercept 4.2480707R squared 0.015764281Steyx 0.7171812 Graph y = 0.0361x + 4.3945R² = 0.002

Linear Regression Graph

Regression resultsThere is a loose positive correlationIntercept P- Value: 0.465X Variable P- Value: 0.383

Therefore, we accept the null; men’s hockey has more violence than women’s hockey

Is it okay to carry firearms for protection off the field?Hypothesis: It is okay to carry a firearm off

the field for protection. Mu>=50%Alternative: It is not okay to carry a firearm

off the field for protection. Mu<50%, One Tailsample proportion 0.49 population proportion 0.5 std error 0.048564293 sample size 106

One Sample Hypothesis Testtest statistic (obs) -0.19 critical measure 0.83 obs > critical? no Accept the Null p-value 0.4229 a-level 0.05 p-value < a-level? no Accept the nullPeople Believe it is okay to carry Firearms off

the field for Protection

Does sports violence have an impact on individuals thinking its okay to be violent in the real worldNull: Sports has an impact on peoples

violence levels, Mu>=50%Alternative: Sports do not have an impact on

peoples violence levels, MU<50%sample proportion 0.50 population proportion 0.5 std error 0.048564293 sample size 106

One Sample Hypothesis Testtest statistic (obs) 0.00critical measure 0.83 obs > critical? no Accept the Null p-value 0.5000 a-level 0.05 p-value < a-level? no Accept the null People believe that sports violence has an

impact on people being violent in the real world.

ConclusionWe found that 50% or more people do not

watch sports for violence. This does not mean that they do not watch violent sports, but they do not watch sports to see violence.

We have determined that 50% or more think violent sports are more entertaining than non-contact sports.

ConclusionWe have calculated that 50% or more think that

violence is condoned in sports to increase ratings. This means that the less popular sports do use violence to attract people to watch the sport.

We found that men believe that Men’s Basketball is more violent than Women’s Basketball.

We concluded that men’s hockey has more violence than women’s hockey.

ConclusionWe also concluded that people Believe it is

okay to carry Firearms off the field for Protection

Finally, we found that people believe that sports violence has an impact on people being violent in the real world.

Questions?