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Psychological Development AS Physical Education Motivation & Achievement Motivation

Motivation and Achievement motivation

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Page 1: Motivation and Achievement motivation

Psychological Development

AS Physical EducationMotivation & Achievement

Motivation

Page 2: Motivation and Achievement motivation

Task 1: complete crossword

Page 3: Motivation and Achievement motivation

Define motivation and describe types of motivation and give examples in sport

List 4 main motives as to why people participate in sport

Explain achievement motivation List traits of a Nach and NAF person Explain terms approach behaviour and avoidance

behaviour Explain factors that determine Nach and Naf

behaviour Explains benefits of goal setting linked to

motivation Set a SMART target

Learning Objectives

Page 4: Motivation and Achievement motivation

Motivation concerns our

inner drives to achieve a goal and external

pressures and reward

Write 5 things on the board that motivate you?

Yes now! Get out of your seat and write!

What motivates you?

DEFINITION: THE INTERNAL

MECHANISMS AND EXTERNAL STIMULI

WHICH AROUSE AND DIRECT BEHAVIOUR

Motivation is goal directed

behaviour

Page 5: Motivation and Achievement motivation

What motivates us?

Instrinsic Extrinsic

Feelings inside us e.g. fun,

enjoyment, excitement, pride,

satisfaction

Tangible or intangible rewards

e.g. medals badges, prizes or praise and

status

Addictive principal –

extrinsic used to boost intrinsic

Draw backs to extrinsic rewards?

Most successful when linked to performance improvements e.g. swimming badges, karate belts

Contigent rewards

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Physical Well-being

Psychological well-being

Improvement of performance

4 main motives to sports

participation:

Assertive accomplishment

i.e. accomplishments

of personal challenges

More important as

get older

More males than females

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Exam questions

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‘A person who has high levels of achievement motivation would have a tendency to strive for success, persist in the face of failure and experience pride a accomplishments.’ (D.Gill)

DO YOU KNOW ANYONE LIKE THIS?

Gill (1986)

Page 9: Motivation and Achievement motivation

AM Continued... Murray (1938) first used the term achievement

motivation and indentified a performers need for achievement as being linked to their personality. Competition is described as a ‘achievement situation’;

in other words a the performer is putting themselves in a situation where they have the potential to succeed or fail, but still a situation whereby achievement can be measured.

Achievement can still take place in non – competitive situations. In either situation; there are still people that are more

willing to put themselves into the ‘achievement situations’ and can be labelled as ‘achievement orientated’.

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Where have we heard the term Interactionist before?

What do you expect Atkinson's approach to be?

Atkinson's Interactionist approach

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You have been playing tennis for four years at your local club.

Your next league match is tomorrow…

YOU vs. Serena Williams

Atkinson’s Interactionist Approach

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Atkinson recognises just as a performers personality (made up of trait characteristics) will effect performance; so will the situation the performer finds themselves in (Interactionist).

He claims that a performer will weigh up: The probability of success The incentive value of that success

If you were playing a singles match against Rafael Nadal:

What is the probability of success? What is the incentive value of that success?

Situational component of AM

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There are two parts to this approach:

Personality Situational

Need to achieve (N.Ach) Probability of success

Need to avoid failure (n.Af) Incentive value of success

Atkinson personality components of Achievement Motivation

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TASK: What do you think the characteristics of each personality type are?

n.Ach n.Af

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n.Ach n.AfSeeks challengesStandards are importantPersists for longerValues feedbackEnjoys evaluation situation (likes to be tested)Not afraid of failureTakes responsibility for own actionsOptimisticConfidentTask goal – orientated

Attributes performance to internal factors e.g. Success = effort failure = lack of effort

Avoids challenge – takes easy optionDislikes 50 – 50 situationGives up easilyDoes not like feedbackDislikes evaluation situationsPerforms worse in evaluation situationsAvoids personal responsibilityBlames failure on external factors e.g. “The rain is effecting my vision” or “I don't play well on this surface”Pessimistic Low confidenceTakes a long time over a taskOutcome goal orientated

Personality component:Comparison of a n.Ach & n.Af

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Brief list

n.Ach n.Af• accepts challenges•Task persistent•Quick and efficient•Take risks•Welcome feedback and evaluation•Take responsibility for own actions•Try harder after failure• attribute success internally•Approach behaviour

•AVOID RESPONSIBILITY•TAKE AN EASY OPTION•GIVE UP AFTER FAILURE•AVOID EVALUATIVE SITUATIONS

Page 17: Motivation and Achievement motivation

If a performer displays a high motive to achieve (n.Ach) they will tend to have ‘approach behaviour’

Approach behaviour: the performer is motivated to attempt challenging situations even if they may fail.

If a performer has a low motive to achieve and is concerned about being evaluated (n.Af) they may have ‘avoidance behaviour’.

Avoidance behaviour: the performer is motivated to protect their self – esteem and will avoid situations where they may be evaluated.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR A COACH TO ENCOURAGE APPROACH BEHAVIOUR?

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Achievement MotivationAchievement motivation is a measurement of

what drives us to succeed or hang back/play safe.

Achievement strives to answer questions such as:

Why is it that some performers achieve and some do not?

Why are certain performers driven to be more successful than others?

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Can you think of a performer who you would describe as having that n.Ach characteristic’s?

OR Can you think of a situation in sport which would display whether you are a risk taker (n.Ach) or you hang back/take the easy option? (n.Af)

Task 3: n.Ach link to elite sport

Page 20: Motivation and Achievement motivation

GolfYou are teeing off and there is a water between

your tee and the green.

Do you play the ball short and sacrifice a shot? Play it safe

OR

Do you attempt to drive the ball over the water to the green?

Sporting examples...

Page 21: Motivation and Achievement motivation

Are you a n.Ach or a n.Af?

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In sport motivation to succeed not always present.

Approach may differ to different sports Therefore Naf or Nach depends on:

What determines Nach or Naf?

Importance of task

Confidence

Past success and possibility

of future success

experience

Personality

Motivation

Competitive trait anxiety

levels

Page 23: Motivation and Achievement motivation

Developing a Nach mentality Allow early success Raise self-efficacy (sport specific self-

confidence) Attribute success internally and failure

externally Use rewards and reinforcement Promote intrinsic motivation with personal

goals Show successful, attainable role models Redefine failure Control arousal with relaxation techniques

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Goal Settinghttp://192.168.0.4:8080

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Alleviate anxiety and stress

Increase confidenceMotivate!

Goal setting can…..

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Directing attention – learning focused

Regulate effortSustain effortMotivateProvide feedback

And can affect performance by:

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S – Specific to situation and performer M – Measurable A – AGREED between coach & performer/ACHIEVABLE

R – Realistic (achieveable) T – Timed E – Evaluated R – Recorded

SMART TARGETS

Page 28: Motivation and Achievement motivation

Exam question……..

Page 29: Motivation and Achievement motivation

1 (i) Identify a specific target from your chosen sporting activity and explain how you would apply SMART factors to make the setting of this target effective.

Use of SMART. Marks are only to be awarded if the answer is directly linked to a target within the chosen activity. - Target must be specific - improve shooting X - run for longer X - more accurate passes

a. Specific - Directly related to their sport/activity/outcome they want to achieve b. Measurable - Objective aspect that can be measured e.g. KG's, seconds etc. c. Achievable - Within reach/attainable d. Relevant - At the correct level for the performer, challenging e. Time-Phased - Set time to achieve the goal including short and long term

objectives f. Evaluated - Self assessment and review of goals either during or at the end of

the time agreed g. Recorded - Records kept of training to monitor goals, enables accountability h. Agreed - Shared with other parties e.g. coach, other team members i. Positive - Motivational/exciting and not negative in any way

3 x 1 marks * must have example

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a. Improve motivation b. Improve self confidence / s elf esteem c. Help control arousal levels d. Focus on specific aspects of performance e.g.

weaker areas e. Specific technical/tactical/physical aspects can be

focussed upon f. Feeling of success/achievement can be experienced g. Can regulate effort on specific aspects of

performance h. Comparisons with previous goals be made. i. Monitor performance.

4 x 1 or max of 2 x 2 for amplification

(ii) What are the benefits of goal setting in developing sporting performance? [4]

Page 31: Motivation and Achievement motivation

Define motivation and describe types of motivation and give examples in sport

List 4 main motives as to why people participate in sport

Explain achievement motivation List traits of a Nach and NAF person Explain terms approach behaviour and avoidance

behaviour Explain factors that determine Nach and Naf

behaviour Explains benefits of goal setting linked to

motivation Set a SMART target

Learning Objectives