EVOLUTION, PRESENT

STATUS & OPPORTUNITIES

► Physical Education in Schools:

Evolution as a Curricular Area

► Positioning in NCF 2005

► Current Status

► Sports Promotion Vs Education

► Opportunities - PEC

Report on Post-War Educational Development in India issued by Central Advisory Board in1944–Focus on Health of Children

The Bhore Committee on health services development in independent India (1946)

> school health education

> sanitation in schools

> nutritional programmes

> medical services

Physical fitness and health education are important The emphasis so far on the academic type of health education Proper consideration to physical welfare and the maintenance of proper standards of health for the pupils. Students should not only appreciate the value of health education but also learn the ways in which they can effectively maintain and improve their health

Physical education not only aims at

physical fitness but also has educational

outcomes

It contributes to physical efficiency,

mental alertness and the development of

certain qualities like perseverance, team

spirit, leadership and obedience to rules

Should include developmental exercises,

rhythmic activities, sports and games,

and group handling activities

At the pre-primary and early primary

stages: developing mastery over basic

skills, such as walking properly, running,

throwing, etc.

After the primary stage to be planned

separately for boys and girls - Rhythmic

activities for girls and less strenuous

games, such as badminton, throw-ball, etc.

At the secondary stage: sports, games and

athletics in their standard form

A well planned programme of physical education for the inculcation of basic qualities like endurance, courage, decision making, resourcefulness, respect for others, truthfulness, faithfulness, loyalty to duty and the common good Emphasis on mere physical training or formal activities to be replaced by a broad- based programme of physical education P E Syllabus to ensure participation of all students from primary to lower secondary stages

• H & PE to be concerned with total health of learners and the community • Important place to mental and emotional health besides the physical health • Development of understanding, attitudes and practices with regard to nutrition, health and sanitation • Emphasis on health, strength and fitness of the body, also on neuromuscular coordination • For integral development of body and mind, yoga receives special attention

o Main aim of health and physical education to develop understanding, attitude and practices with regard to nutrition, health and sanitation to improve health status of the self, family and the community o Emphasis on acquisition of adequate neuromuscular coordination commensurate with the development stage of learner o Yoga and meditation to help children acquire concentration and relaxation. o Health and Physical Education to be an integral part of the learning and to be included in the evaluation of performance

Paradigm Shift

The curriculum to have a holistic approach to learning and development that is able to see the interconnections and transcend divisions between physical and mental development, and between individual development and interaction with others The precondition for all development is healthy physical growth of all children. Physical development supports mental and cognitive development

Holistic Curricular Approach

This curricular area adopts a holistic

definition of health within which physical

education and yoga contribute to the

physical, social, emotional and mental

development of a child

The entire group to be taken together as a

comprehensive health and physical

education curriculum, replacing the

fragmentary approach

Holistic Curricular Approach

Participation of all children in free play,

informal and formal games, yoga and

sports activities is essential for their

physical, cognitive and mental

development

Given his subject lends itself to applied

learning and innovative approaches for

transaction of the curriculum

Policy and Systemic Support

Health and Physical Education must continue to

be a compulsory subject from primary to

secondary stages, and optional subject at higher

secondary stage

To be given equal status with other subjects,

a status that is not being given at present

Minimum essential physical space and

equipment to be made available in every school

Elements of health education, physical

education and yoga to be integrated into the

pre-service teacher education courses

Compulsory at Primary Stage: (31 States/Uts)

A&N Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamilnadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal

Optional at Primary Stage:(04 States/UT)

Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Madhya Pradesh

Compulsory at Upp. Pry Stage:(30States/Uts)

A&N Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala,Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamilnadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal

Optional at Primary Stage:(03 States/UT)

Delhi, Goa, Madhya Pradesh

Compulsory at Sec. Stage:( 23 States/Uts)

A&N Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamilnadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh

Optional at Primary Stage:(07 States/UT)

Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal

Sports in School Education for What? > Producing Sportspersons who get Gold Medals > Sports for Development > Sports for holistic Development Physical Education for What? > a holistic approach to physical, cognitive, mental development > Focused on basic/fundamental skills > Development of not only skills but also ability to select and apply skills, tactics and compositional ideas in their lives > Curriculum focused on sports/games

Holistic Development:

Physical, Mental, Cognitive

Knowledge

Attitude Skills

Health and Physical Education lacks the

status that is enjoyed by other core

subjects in school curriculum

Right from 1950s until 2005, this area has

been conceptalised as an extra-curricular

activity. Although the NCFs 1975-2000 tried

to promote this area as a school subject, a

fragmentary approach was adopted

Ineffective transaction owing to: (a) Confused perceptions – Whether participation in activities or studying it like other subjects; (b) Unsystematic use of PE periods allotted in school time table - Taking children out of classrooms and letting them run or play (c) Participation of only a few students in competitive games & sports (d) Absence of Resource Materials (study/textual and instructional) based on well-thought transaction method

NCF 2005 recommends adoption of

innovative approaches for transacting the

PE Curriculum, but any such strategy is not

available

It has to based on a two-pronged approach:

to ensure that (a)whereas all students must

be equally involved in activities/games and

sports, (b) those who choose to excel in

games and sports to be provided adequate

opportunities to develop needed skills and

abilities

Physical Education Cards (PEC):

Not simply a set of CARDS, but an

innovative transaction strategy based on:

(a) applied and experiential learning

(b) associating learning with fun,

enjoyment and satisfaction rather than

fear, discipline, rigour and stress

Developed through experimental mode

with tryout at every draft stage

(i) Suitable for all kinds of schools (ii) Based on “EVERY CHILD MATTERS” (iii) Aimed at holistic development - physical, mental and cognitive, facilitating knowledge, attitude and skills (iv) Focused on Basic/Fundamental Skills: Generic as well as Sport/Game Specific (v) the ability to select and apply skills, tactics and compositional ideas in their lives (vi) Promotes inclusive education, performance of differently-abled

PEC Strategy: A Step Forward

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