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HELMET CONCUSSIONS
MARTEL PEDEN31 October 2011
Purpose
• To raise awareness on the seriousness of sport concussions.
• To decrease the number of sport related concussions.
• To provide insight into the newest information on concussion management and prevention.
Concussion
•Definition of a Concussion …a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces.
• Several common features that incorporate clinical, pathologic, and biomechanical injury constructs that may be utilized in defining the nature of the concussive head injury include:
SYMPTOMSEarly Symptoms
• Headache• Dizziness• Lack of awareness of
surroundings• Nausea or vomiting
Late Symptoms
• Low-grade headaches• Lightheadedness• Poor attention and
concentration• Memory dysfunction• Easy fatigability• Irritability and low frustration
tolerance• Intolerance of bright lights or
difficulty focusing vision• Intolerance of loud noises• Anxiety or depressed mood• Sleep disturbance
American Academy of Neurology
6
Concussion Rates
7
How Often Do Concussions Occur?
• On average, 3-5% of all sport and recreational injuries are head injuries.
• The majority of sport related head injuries are mild.
• The most common cause of sport related head injuries are falls.
8
How Often Do Concussions Occur?
• Patients younger than 20 years old are more likely to suffer a sports related head injury.
• Males are more frequently injured. These statistics are changing as more females engage in contact sports.
• Very few head injuries are hospitalized.
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Recognition of Concussions
• It is common for athletes to underreport the incidence of sport concussions.
• Often athletes do not associate their symptoms with those of a concussion.
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Athletic Trainers Report
• Athletic Trainers from Canada and the United States identified head injuries as 5% of their total sports injuries.
• X Top sports?
11
Top Causes of ConcussionsFemale
• Soccer• Horseback Riding• Cycling• Ice Hockey• Snowboarding
Male• Ice Hockey• Cycling• Football• Soccer• Snowboarding
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Sport Specific Rates Hockey: High School: 17.6/1000 hoursPeewee: 23.1/1000 hoursBantam: 10.7/1000 hours
Peewee: Children under age 6 had twicethe head injuries as olderchildren.
• Hockey– Professional (Europe):
14.3% of all injuries; 0.16/1000 hours
– College (Canadian Intercollegiate): 7.5% of injuries; 1.5/1000 hours
– High School (US): 18.7/1000 hours
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Peewee HockeyN = 125 (86% response rate)
• Average age: 11.5 years-old with 5.6 years of playing experience• No. of players with concussion: 11 (incidence rate = 9.87%) 16 total• 7 players with 1 concussion• 3 with 2 concussions• 1 with 3 concussions (1 non hockey related)• Mechanism of Injury: player contact (n = 10)• hits from behind (n = 4)• fall (n = 1)• collision into boards (n = 1)• Avg # of practices missed: 3.25 (range 0 – 6)• Avg #. of games missed: 2.00 (range 0 – 4)• Avg duration of symptoms: 7.03 days (range 1 - 21 days)• No. subjects with ED visit: n = 1• No. with previous concussion: n = 2
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Other Issues
The Good
16
Mouth Guards
• Mouth Guards have not been proven to prevent concussions.
• Mouth Guards are required by many Athletic Associations because they reduce trauma of jaw, facial and dental injuries.
17
Helmets
• Helmets are known to reduce the risk of intracranial injury however, there is no helmet that can prevent all head injuries.
• An athlete should wear the correctly sized
helmet and one specific to the activity (hockey, football, snowboard, bike).
Prevention cont.
New technologies and changes in equipment
SWAT Hockey does not indorse any specific manufactures product.
Force to the Head in just 6 milliseconds
A bare head A good helmet
Upcoming technology
A pair of football cleats….. 150 dollarsFootball pads……………… 250 dollarsRegistration in football……. 250 dollars
Protecting your head…….. Priceless
Popular Mechanics
Conclusion•Concussions should be treated as a brain injury
•Guidelines at all levels of play must be set in order to best protect our athletes
•Athletes, parents, and coaches must be educated on the signs, symptoms, and risks of mild traumatic brain injuries
•No child’s life should be put at risk to perform on the playing field
MENCHVILLE
