FOOTBALL

CONTENTS

1. DEFINITION2. HISTORY3. RULES/MECHANICS4. SKILLS5. BENEFITS6. OBJECTIVES

1.DEFINITION

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.

The term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford "-er" abbreviation of the word "association".

2.HISTORY

Han Dynasty Period: Cuju-ancient code of football with similarities to association football.

The Ancient Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball games, some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman game harpastum is believed to have been adapted from  Greeks

The Japanese version of cuju is kemari and was developed during the Asuka period.

1848: The Cambridge Rules were first drawn up at Cambridge University

1863: The formation of The Football Association;  rugby football and association football branched off on their different courses

1872: The world's oldest football competition, FA Cup started. 1886:  The formation of The International Football Association Board

 (IFAB)  1888: England became the home to the world's first football league. 1904: The formation of FIFA 1970: The system of red and yellow cards is introduced for the 1970

FIFA World Cup ™ finals. 

3.RULES/MECHANICS

The maximum length of the ground shall be 200 yards (180 m), the maximum breadth shall be 100 yards (91 m), the length and breadth shall be marked off with flags; and the goal shall be defined by two upright posts, eight yards (7 m) apart, without any tape or bar across them.

After a goal is won, the losing side shall be entitled to kick off, and the two sides shall change goals after each goal is won.

A goal shall be won when the ball passes between the goal-posts or over the space between the goal-posts (at whatever height), not being thrown, knocked on, or carried

In case the ball goes behind the goal line, if a player on the side to whom the goal belongs first touches the ball, one of his side shall be entitled to a free kick from the goal line at the point opposite the place where the ball shall be touched.

No player shall run with the ball.

Neither tripping nor hacking shall be allowed, and no player shall use his hands to hold or push his adversary.

A player shall not be allowed to throw the ball or pass it to another with his hands.

No player shall be allowed to take the ball from the ground with his hands under any pretence whatever while it is in play.

No player shall be allowed to wear projecting nails, iron plates, or gutta-percha[2] on the soles or heels of his boots.

4.SKILLS Kick-off: following a goal by the opposing team, or to begin each period of play.[

Throw-in: when the ball has crossed the touchline; awarded to opposing team to that which last touched the ball.

Goal kick: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of the attacking team; awarded to defending team.

Corner kick: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of the defending team; awarded to attacking team.

Indirect free kick: awarded to the opposing team following "non-penal" fouls, certain technical infringements, or when play is stopped to caution or send-off an opponent without a specific foul having occurred. A goal may not be scored directly (without the ball first touching another player) from an indirect free kick.

Direct free kick: awarded to fouled team following certain listed "penal" fouls.[53] A goal may be scored directly from a direct free kick.

Penalty kick: awarded to the fouled team following a foul usually punishable by a direct free kick but that has occurred within their opponent's penalty area.

Dropped-ball: occurs when the referee has stopped play for any other reason, such as a serious injury to a player, interference by an external party, or a ball becoming defective. This restart is uncommon in adult games.

5.BENEFITS

Physical Fitness Mental well-being Positive values Overcome adversity Friendship and Bonds

6.OBJECTIVES

To score points. To prevent the opponent from

scoring. To keep the ball in your possession To avoid unnecessary injuries, fouls

and violations