VOLLEYBALL OFFICIALS’ CLINIC

TTU INTRAMURAL SPORTS OFFICE

Expectations & Responsibilities› Knowledge of sports rules and mechanics› Represent the Intramural Program positively as an official, player, and spectator.› Serve as an impartial and fair official.› Be respectful to all players and participants.

– In the face of inappropriate language or comments directed at you, be professional.

› Ensure a safe environment for all.– Safety is your number one priority as a sport official.

› Abstain from using tobacco products during Intramural Activites.› Clothing

– Athletic clothing– Staff shirt– No Jewelry, watches, wristbands etc– Whistle

Expectations & Responsibilities› Arrive fifteen minutes before start of your shift.› Ensure that you have been clocked in by a graduate assistant or professional staff

member.› Clock out with a graduate assistant or professional staff member when you are

playing or taking an extended break.› Ensure that all equipment is returned.› Make sure teams pick up their trash.

– If they do not, you need to pick it up.

› Ask a graduate assistant or professional staff member if all duties have been completed before leaving.

› Make sure you have been clocked out by a graduate assistant or professional staff member.

More Expectations & Responsibilities› Inform Leslie if you are playing for a team.› When seeking a trade or drop on W2W, please try to give at least

a one day (24 hours) notice.› If your shift is not traded or assigned to another worker, you are

responsible for covering your shift.› In case of emergencies, contact Leslie or Victor ASAP.

VOLLEYBALL BASICS

Playing Area

Player Equipment› Jerseys/Shirts

– Similar in color but distinguishable from other team

› Athletic Shorts or Pants

› Athletic Shoes– Shoes must be worn at all times!– Non- marking rubber sole athletic shoes.

› No Vibrams, boots, crocks, dress shoes etc.

› Hats– No billed hats or any headwear with knots.– Headbands and knit or stocking caps are legal.

› Braces & Casts– Casts are not allowed.– Braces may be below the waist and covered with appropriate materials.– Sleeves may be worn above and below the waist.

The Game› Players

– Single-Gender Leagues› Six Players on the court› Four players required to avoid a forfeit.

– Co-Recreational League

› The Ball– All participants may use the designated Intramural

ball.– Teams may agree to use an alternative ball. The ball

must approved by IM Staff.

Number of players Male to Female RatioSix Players 3:3, 2:4, or 1:5Five Players 2:3 or 1:4Four Players 2:2 or 1:3

The Game: Timing› Forty Minute Time Limit

– All regular season games will end at the conclusion of the forty minute time limit.

› Each team shall receive one sixty second timeout per game.

› Clock Stoppage– Injured Player

› If the clock is stopped by any official due to an injury, that player must be removed from the game for at least one play.

– Official’s Timeout

The Game: Scoring› Match Format

– Best two-out-of-three games

› Game Scoring– First two games – Twenty-One (21) Points– Final game – Fifteen (15) Points– A team must win by two points– Point Cap

› First two games – Twenty-five (25) points› Final game – Twenty (20) points

› Rally Scoring System– A point shall be scored on every serve.– Exception: A replay is declared. No points are

scored on a replay.

The Game: In Play› The ball is in play or inbounds:– The ball contacts the sideline or backline.– The ball passes over the net between the antenna.– The ball contacts the net between the antenna.

The Game: Out of Play› The ball is out of play or out of bounds:– The ball hits the floor outside the boundries.– The ball contacts the antenna inside or over

the net.– The ball travels over the net outside the

antenna.– The ball hits a wall.– The ball enters an area declared “out of play.”

› E.g. the spectator area & stage in Memorial Gym– A team causes the ball to contact the ceiling

on the opponent’s side of the net.– A served ball contacts the ceiling.

PRE-GAME RESPONSIBILITES

Pre-Game Responsibilities: Timeline› 15:00 to 10:00 before Game Time:– Ensure all officials are fully equipped

› Officials - Referee’s Wallet› Line Judges - Flags

– Check players’ equipment.– Check the court for safety issues.– Check the game ball.– Answer any questions.

› 5:00 before Game Time– Conduct Captains’ Meeting

Pre-Game Responsibilities: Captain’s Meeting› Captain’s Meeting

– Set the tone for the entire game› “Officials officiate, players play, coaches coach, and fans cheer”

– Review sportspersonship rules› Affects postseason eligibility › Affects All-Points competition standings

– Review basic volleyball rules › Point out playable and non-playable areas› Explain replays › One timeout per game› Explain timing› Substitutions

– Conduct coin toss before first and (if necessary) third game.› Winner may choose one of the following:

– Serve– Side of Court

VOLLEYBALL CREW MECHANICS

Crew Mechanics: General› Up Official (R1)

– Positioned on stand– Concentrates on the ball and play above the net– Moves head and torso for better angles

› Down Official (R2)– Stands on the floor opposite of R1 & two to

three feet from the net standard– Before serve, stands on opposite side of net– After serve, moves to net side with the ball

› Line Judges (LJ) – 2– Positioned diagonally on the corners of the court– Moves backwards in line with sideline during

serve– Moves for better angles

Court Positioning – General

Signals› R1 starts EVERY rally this way:

Signals› When signaling a point, foul, or violation:

SIGNAL

SUBSTITUTIONS

Substitutions

GENERAL INFORMATION› Unlimited substitutions are allowed during the

game.

› Substitutions are only allowed during stoppages of play.

› Teams may only substitute during their terms of service.

› Substitutes can only enter into the serving position (RB).

› A substitution cannot occur after a term of service has began.

› In the case of injuries, either team may substitute.

SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURE1. Player reports to center line.

2. The Referee whistles and beckons substitute unto the field.

3. The substitute will replace the next server.

PLAYING THE GAME

The Game: Player Positioning

LF CF RF

LB CB RB (Server)

Ten Foot Line

Front Row Players

Back Row Players

Clockwise Rotation

after Awarding of

Service

The Game: Serving› Before serving, the players shall rotate clockwise.

› RF RB (server)

› Players must wait for the official to “beckon” the service› 1st infraction: warning and re-serve› 2nd infraction: point and service to opponent

› The server has five seconds to contact the ball after being beckoned by the official.

› A server is allowed one re-serve per term of service.› A term of service begins when the server attempts the first service and

ends when the team violates or loses a point.

› Co-Recreational Matches› Males may not serve consecutively.

› The serve is dead and a point is awarded to the other team if the ball:

› Passes under the net› Touches one of the serving team’s player› Touches the floor on the serving team’s side of the net› Touches the ceiling or any other obstruction

The Game: Serving› Ball must be served from within the

service area› Jump serves are permitted.› Server must leave the floor from within

the serving area and can not land outside the service area until ball has been contacted.

› The served ball may contact the net and fall on the opponent’s side.

› Players on both sides of the net must be within the boundaries of their half of the court at the time of service.

› Players on the serving team cannot block the view of the receiving team before the service.

The Game: The Rally› It is illegal to attack or block a serve.› A legal attack or block occurs above the height of

the net.– Co-Recreational: A male cannot complete an legal

attack in front of the ten-foot line.– Co-Recreational: Males may complete legal blocks in

front of the ten-foot line.

› A team has three hits to return the ball over the net.– A legal block does not count as one of the three hits.– Co-Recreational: a female must be involved if the team

uses all three hits.

› Back Row players cannot complete an attack or block in front of the ten foot line.

The Game: The Rally› Multiple contacts are allowed on the first hit.

– Definition of a contact: the ball hits the player.– Definition of a hit: the player actively tries to contact

the ball.

› After the first hit, a player cannot have multiple hits or contacts.– Exception: During a simultaneous contact, either

player may play the ball if the team has not exhausted its three hits.

› A simultaneous contact shall count as one hit.– A simultaneous contact is defined as two teammates

hitting the ball at the same time.

› If two opponents simultaneously and instantaneously contact the ball over the net (e.g. a joust), the ball remains in play and the team receiving the ball is entitled to another three hits.

The Game: Net Play› It is illegal to reach over the net and contact the

ball if a team has hits remaining.› If the opposing team has exhausted its three hits, a

player may block or attack the ball on the other side of the net.

› Once the ball has broken the plane of the net, the ball may be played by either team without penalty.

› When attempting to attack, block, or play the ball, the player may not contact any portion of the net.

› It is not a foul when a player’s clothing touches any part of the net.

› Incidental contact with the net caused by a player’s hair or glasses or by a ball driven hard into the net shall be allowed.

The Game: Centerline– A player may touch the floor across the

center line provided part of one or both feet/hands remains on or above the center line.

– It is a violation if a player completely crosses the center line under the net.

– A player may cross the extension of the center line outside the court at any time provided he/she does not interfere with play by the opposing team.

– While across the center line extension outside the court, any player may play a ball that has not completely crossed the vertical plane of the net extended.

FOULS

Common Fouls› FOOT FAULT

– The server may not step onto the court (including the boundary line) until after he/she has contacted the ball.

› ILLEGAL BACK ROW ATTACK– A back row player completes a block or attack in front of the ten foot line.

› ILLEGAL HIT: – A player has prolonged contact with the ball, causing the ball to come to rest.

› DOUBLE HIT– One player consecutively hits the ball at any point.

› Exception: After completing a block, the player can legally hit the ball.– After the first hit, the ball contacts the player more than once.

Common Fouls› NET FOUL

– When attempting to attack, block, or play the ball in any way, the player contacts the net.– Incidental contact will be ignored.– Contacting the net with clothing or hair will be ignored.

› ILLEGAL BLOCK/SCREEN– Illegal Block

› Following a serve, a player on the receiving team completes a block, directing the serve back into the opponents court.

› A Back Row player may not complete a block. – Illegal Screen

› No player on the serving team may intentionally screen the opponent from viewing the server.

› DELAY OF SERVICE– A server fails to serve within five seconds.

Common Foul Signals

IN OUT

POINT BALL TOUCHED

Common Foul Signals

REPLAY POINT NET VIOLATION

OVER-THE-NET LINE VIOLATION

Common Foul Signals

FOUR HITS

ILLEGAL HIT

DOUBLE HIT

ILLEGAL BLOCK/SCREEN

CARDS & MISCONDUCT

Cards & Misconduct: Addressing Misconduct

Card Penalty

Yellow Warning

Red One point & The Serve Awarded to Opposing Team

Yellow & Red 1. Ejection of Player2. One point & The Serve Awarded to Opposing Team

Try to talk to players before administering cards.Administer cards when needed.

Do not hesitate to remove players when warranted.

Cards & Misconduct: Yellow Cards› Yellow Card– In volleyball, a yellow card is a warning with penalty.– Three yellow cards issued to a single team will result in forfeiture of the

contest. – A single player can receive a MAXIMUM of two yellow cards.– A yellow card may be issued for behavior including but not limited to the

following:› Entering or leaving the court without permission from the officials› Persistently committing violations› Foul or vulgar language› Questioning or showing resentment of the decisions or judgement of the officials› Unsportsmanlike conduct

Cards & Misconduct: Red Cards› Red Card– A red card shall result in one point and the serve being awarded to the non-

offending team – A red card may be issued subsequently to a yellow card or issued immediately.– A red card shall be treated as two yellow cards.– A red card may be issued for behavior including but not limited to the

following:› Entering or leaving the court without permission from the officials› Persistently committing violations› Foul or vulgar language› Questioning or showing resentment of the decisions or judgement of the officials› Unsportsmanlike conduct

Cards & Misconduct: Yellow & Red Cards› Yellow & Red Cards– A player receiving yellow and red cards is ejected from the game.– When issued immediately, Yellow and Red cards shall be equivalent to

two yellow cards.– A player may be ejected for behavior including but not limited to the

following:› Fighting› Foul or abusive language directed at another player, an official, or IM staff› Spitting at an opponent, teammate, or game official› Attempting to kick or strike an opponent, official, or IM staff

SPORTSPERSONSHIP SYSTEM

Sportspersonship System: Ratings & CriteriaRating Criteria

5 - Excellent Players fully cooperate with Intramural Sports staff and opposing team members. Spectators support their team in a positive manner. Team captain respectively addresses officials. The team is an exemplary model for other teams.

4 - Good Winning Team of a Forfeited Game. Winning Team for a Defaulted Game. Team members verbally complain about some calls or show some dissent. Their actions may warrant a conduct penalty (i.e. yellow card, technical foul, or unsportsmanlike conduct penalty), but they

do not receive a penalty.

3 - Average Defaulting Team for a Defaulted Game. Team constantly complains to IM staff or the opposing team. The team captain exhibits no control over his/her team,

spectators, and himself/herself. Their actions result in a conduct penalty (i.e. yellow card, technical foul, or unsportsmanlike conduct penalty.) Teams that receive a conduct penalty cannot receive higher than a “3” rating. The team that has one ejection or two conduct penalties will not receive higher than a “3” rating.

2 – Below Average Team constantly complains to IM and the opposing team. The team captain exercises no control over anyone. Teams that receive one ejection and one conduct warning or three conduct warnings shall forfeit the contest and receive a

rating of “2.”

1 - Unacceptable A Team Forfeits a Game. The entire team and spectators are non-cooperative. The team captain is combative and unhelpful. The team that receives two ejections or four conduct warnings during a game shall forfeit the game and may forfeit the entire

season.

Sportspersonship System: Point of Emphasis› Penalize players and teams when necessary.– Allows teams to adjust behavior

› Try to talk to players before administering the first and second yellow cards.

› If no yellow cards are administered, a team cannot receive lower than a “4”

› A player can be ejected, and the team can still receive a “3” or average score.– Problematic players are often the cause of issues, and their removal

improves the game.

Questions?