1.1.TEXTTEXT

2.2.COMPOSITIONCOMPOSITION

3.3.GENREGENRE

DEFINITIONDEFINITION1.1. TEXT is a unit of language expressing meaning TEXT is a unit of language expressing meaning

contextuallycontextually

2.2. Text Limitation is not measured from the contained Text Limitation is not measured from the contained numbers of sentences or pagesnumbers of sentences or pages

3.3. Text must consist of the expressed meaning and covered Text must consist of the expressed meaning and covered context context

4.4. Text must be compossed with the following pattern : Text must be compossed with the following pattern : Introduction^Content^ClosingIntroduction^Content^Closing

5.5. Text / Composition belongs to Traditional GrammarText / Composition belongs to Traditional Grammar

6.6. Genre belongs to Functional Genre belongs to Functional

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEENTHE DIFFERENCES BETWEENTRADITIONAL GRAMMAR AND FUNCTIONALTRADITIONAL GRAMMAR AND FUNCTIONAL

TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR

FUNCTIONAL

Main Knowledge How a sentence must be composed

How the meaning of a text is made

Analysis Unit Sentence All Text

Examined Language grade

Syntax Semantic

Language View • L is a set of rule

to make sentence• L is a thing we know

• L is a source of composing meaning• L is a thing we do

DIFFICULT ?DIFFICULT ?WE DO NOT KNOWWE DO NOT KNOW

• The Problem The Problem

• Goal / AchievementGoal / Achievement

• The way of expressing an ideaThe way of expressing an idea

• StructureStructure

• VocabularyVocabulary

Writing a Procedure TextWriting a Procedure Text

By Asep Supriadi, S.PdBy Asep Supriadi, S.Pd

Set a Goal, Decide the AimSet a Goal, Decide the Aim

• States the purpose of the text

ie. How to write a newspaper articles

How to make healthy, delicious salad

How to take care of your wife(s)? : )

Mention the Materials Mention the Materials usedused or or NeededNeeded

• List things used, equipment needed, substances required, or object being investigated to achieve the goal set

Explain the Steps to Achieve Explain the Steps to Achieve the Goalthe Goal

• Mention the actions necessary, listed in order, to complete the experiment or procedure

• Steps are written on a separate lines and each of them is written as a command

The Language Component of A The Language Component of A Procedure TextProcedure Text

• Action Verb, The verb relating to physic or intellectual activities • Usually the action verb comes at the beginning of the sentence

(Imperative)ie. Plug the cable…

• Sometimes the sentence begins with a time marker which tells us the order of the steps (Connective of Sequence) then, while, nextie. First, take a deep breath

• Sometimes the sentence begins with a word, phrase, or clause which tells us when to do the step:ie. When the spot is dry, record the time it has taken

• Sometimes the sentence begins with a word, phrase, or clause which tells us how to do the step:ie. With a cloth, take the hot saucepan

• Numbering, Number showing us the order of the activities• Passive Voice ( Tobe + V3 )

HOW TO OPERATE THE COMPUTERHOW TO OPERATE THE COMPUTER

1. Connect the cable into electricity plug

2. Press the button “Power” on CPU

3. Press the button “Power” on Monitor to display Image

4. Click “Start”

5. Choose the program you need

HOW THE COMPUTER IS OPERATEDHOW THE COMPUTER IS OPERATED

1. The cable is connected into electricity plug

2. The button ”Power” on CPU is pressed

3. The button “Power” on monitor is pressed

4. “Start” is clicked

5. The program you need is chosen

HOW THE COMPUTER IS OPERATEDHOW THE COMPUTER IS OPERATED

• When the computer is operated, First, the cable is connected into electricity plu. Second, the button “Power” on CPU is pressed. Next, the image is displayed when the button “Power” on monitor is pressed. Then, “Start” is clicked. Finally, The program you need is chosen

PRACTISEPRACTISE

1. HOW TO OPERATE WASHING MACHINE

2. HOW DRESS IS MADE

3. HOW TO MAKE BLACK FOREST

4. HOW DIGITAL CAMERA IS OPERATED

5. HOW TO CHARM A GIRL

Text Type: Procedural RecountText Type: Procedural Recount

• Written to record a procedure• Procedural recounts have four stages:

1. aim which states the specific purpose2. record of event which list the actions

that happened3. result which shows the result of the experiment4. conclusion which states the findings of

the experiment

The Language Component of The Language Component of Procedural RecountsProcedural Recounts

• Present tense is often used in Procedural Recount

• Conclusion is usually written in the present tense. This is because the results of the experiments are seen to be always true

Sample TextSample Text• Text 1.

How to make water evaporate fasterFirst collect the beaker and the petri dish.Collect about 300 ml of water in the beaker.Pour some water into petri dish.Put the sponge in the petri until completely saturated.Squeeze the excess water from the sponge until it stops driiping.Next, carefully press the wet sponge against the chalboard until there is a water spot about 5 cm in diameter on the board.Make another water spot of equal size at some distance from the first spot.Fan the first spot with the piece of cardboard. Do not fan the other water spot.With the watch, time how long it takes each water spot to dryFinally, write down the drying times

• Text 2We wanted to grow beans, so we went to the shop and bought a packet of bean seeds. Then we brought them home and planted them in the garden. We watered them every few days and when when they grew we picked them. Then we sent them to the fruit market. Someone bought them and took them home and ate them.