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Why study Daniel?
Some have been opposed to studying
from the Old Testament.
Some have been opposed to studying
from the Old Testament.
◦ Their reasoning has been that since we
live under the New Testament, not the Old
Testament, we really don’t need to spend
much time in the Old Testament.
Some have been opposed to studying
from the Old Testament.
◦ Their reasoning has been that since we
live under the New Testament, not the Old
Testament, we really don’t need to spend
much time in the Old Testament.
◦ But, there are many solid reasons for
studying the Old Testament & Daniel.
The Book of Daniel is the Word of
God.
The Book of Daniel is the Word of
God.
◦ Because it is the Word of God, Daniel
originated with God, not with man.
The Book of Daniel is the Word of
God.
◦ Because it is the Word of God, Daniel
originated with God, not with man.
2 Tm 3:16.
The Book of Daniel is the Word of
God.
◦ Because it is the Word of God, Daniel
originated with God, not with man.
2 Tm 3:16.
2 Pt 1:20-21.
The Book of Daniel is the Word of
God.
◦ Because it is the Word of God, Daniel
originated with God, not with man.
2 Tm 3:16.
2 Pt 1:20-21.
◦ Because this book originated with God,
doesn’t it deserve our attention?
The Book of Daniel points to Jesus.
The Book of Daniel points to Jesus.
◦ Jesus saw the OT as pointing to him.
The Book of Daniel points to Jesus.
◦ Jesus saw the OT as pointing to him.
Jn 5:39.
The Book of Daniel points to Jesus.
◦ Jesus saw the OT as pointing to him.
Jn 5:39.
Lk 24:44.
The Book of Daniel points to Jesus.
◦ Jesus saw the OT as pointing to him.
Jn 5:39.
Lk 24:44.
◦ Jesus is also the culmination of the Old
Testament.
The Book of Daniel points to Jesus.
◦ Jesus saw the OT as pointing to him.
Jn 5:39.
Lk 24:44.
◦ Jesus is also the culmination of the Old
Testament.
Mt 5:17-18.
The Book of Daniel points to Jesus.
◦ Jesus saw the OT as pointing to him.
Jn 5:39.
Lk 24:44.
◦ Jesus is also the culmination of the Old
Testament.
Mt 5:17-18.
Rom 10:4.
The Book of Daniel tells us much
about Jesus.
The Book of Daniel tells us much
about Jesus.
◦ Dan 2:44.
The Book of Daniel tells us much
about Jesus.
◦ Dan 2:44.
◦ Dan 7:13-14.
The Book of Daniel tells us much
about Jesus.
◦ Dan 2:44.
◦ Dan 7:13-14.
It is likely from this passage that Jesus applies
the title “Son of Man” to himself.
The Book of Daniel tells us much
about Jesus.
◦ Dan 2:44.
◦ Dan 7:13-14.
It is likely from this passage that Jesus applies
the title “Son of Man” to himself.
It is clear that “Son of Man” is far more than a
simply declaration of Jesus’ humanity; it also
declares his deity.
The Book of Daniel tells us much
about Jesus.
◦ Dan 2:44.
◦ Dan 7:13-14.
It is likely from this passage that Jesus applies
the title “Son of Man” to himself.
It is clear that “Son of Man” is far more than a
simply declaration of Jesus’ humanity; it also
declares his deity.
Mt 24:30-31.
The Book of Daniel tells us much
about Jesus.
◦ Dan 2:44.
◦ Dan 7:13-14.
It is likely from this passage that Jesus applies
the title “Son of Man” to himself.
It is clear that “Son of Man” is far more than a
simply declaration of Jesus’ humanity; it also
declares his deity.
Mt 24:30-31.
Mt 26:64.
The Book of Daniel tells us much
about Jesus.
◦ Dan 2:44.
◦ Dan 7:13-14.
It is likely from this passage that Jesus applies
the title “Son of Man” to himself.
It is clear that “Son of Man” is far more than a
simply declaration of Jesus’ humanity; it also
declares his deity.
Mt 24:30-31.
Mt 26:64.
Caiaphas believed such a statement was
blasphemous (Mt 26:65).
The Book of Daniel tells us much
about Jesus.
◦ Dan 2:44.
◦ Dan 7:13-14.
It is likely from this passage that Jesus applies
the title “Son of Man” to himself.
It is clear that “Son of Man” is far more than a
simply declaration of Jesus’ humanity; it also
declares his deity.
Mt 24:30-31.
Mt 26:64.
Caiaphas believed such a statement was
blasphemous (Mt 26:65).
The Book of Daniel tells us much
about Jesus.
◦ Dan 2:44.
◦ Dan 7:13-14.
It is likely from this passage that Jesus applies
the title “Son of Man” to himself.
It is clear that “Son of Man” is far more than a
simply declaration of Jesus’ humanity; it also
declares his deity.
Mt 24:30-31.
Mt 26:64.
Caiaphas believed such a statement was
blasphemous (Mt 26:65).
The Sanhedrin condemned Jesus to die (Mt 26:66-
68).
The Book of Daniel provides comfort
to the Christian.
The Book of Daniel provides comfort
to the Christian.
◦ God is presented as the One who reigns
over all.
The Book of Daniel provides comfort
to the Christian.
◦ God is presented as the One who reigns
over all.
Dan 2:20-21.
The Book of Daniel provides comfort
to the Christian.
◦ God is presented as the One who reigns
over all.
Dan 2:20-21.
Dan 6:21.
Daniel provides the clearest OT
teaching on the resurrection of the
dead.
Daniel provides the clearest OT
teaching on the resurrection of the
dead.
◦ Prior to the time of Daniel—except for a
few sporadic statements to the contrary—
death was viewed as a dark, shadowy
realm (e.g., Job 14:14; Ps 88:10-12; Ps
115:17).
Daniel provides the clearest OT
teaching on the resurrection of the
dead.
◦ Prior to the time of Daniel—except for a
few sporadic statements to the contrary—
death was viewed as a dark, shadowy
realm (e.g., Job 14:14; Ps 88:10-12; Ps
115:17).
◦ Yet, Daniel says unambiguously that the
dead shall be resurrected (Dan 12:2).
Daniel provides the clearest OT
teaching on the resurrection of the
dead.
◦ Prior to the time of Daniel—except for a
few sporadic statements to the contrary—
death was viewed as a dark, shadowy
realm (e.g., Job 14:14; Ps 88:10-12; Ps
115:17).
◦ Yet, Daniel says unambiguously that the
dead shall be resurrected (Dan 12:2).
The Book of Daniel increases our
faith in the inspiration of the
Scriptures.
The Book of Daniel increases our
faith in the inspiration of the
Scriptures.
◦ Daniel informs us much about Antiochus
IV Epiphanes (450-500 years before
Antiochus).
The Book of Daniel increases our
faith in the inspiration of the
Scriptures.
◦ Daniel informs us much about Antiochus
IV Epiphanes (450-500 years before
Antiochus).
◦ References from Daniel:
9:27.
The Book of Daniel increases our
faith in the inspiration of the
Scriptures.
◦ Daniel informs us much about Antiochus
IV Epiphanes (450-500 years before
Antiochus).
◦ References from Daniel:
9:27.
11:31.
Before we discuss Antiochus in detail,
let’s think about how Jesus uses these
texts.
Before we discuss Antiochus in detail,
let’s think about how Jesus uses these
texts.
◦ Jesus applies these prophecies to the
destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70: Mt
24:15-16.
Before we discuss Antiochus in detail,
let’s think about how Jesus uses these
texts.
◦ Jesus applies these prophecies to the
destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70: Mt
24:15-16.
◦ There are at least 2 explanation for how
Jesus applies this to the destruction of
Jerusalem & how it applies to Antiochus.
Before we discuss Antiochus in detail,
let’s think about how Jesus uses these
texts.
◦ Jesus applies these prophecies to the
destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70: Mt
24:15-16.
◦ There are at least 2 explanation for how
Jesus applies this to the destruction of
Jerusalem & how it applies to Antiochus.
It may be that this prophecy has two
fulfillments (e.g., Hos 11:1-2).
Before we discuss Antiochus in detail,
let’s think about how Jesus uses these
texts.
◦ Jesus applies these prophecies to the
destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70: Mt
24:15-16.
◦ There are at least 2 explanation for how
Jesus applies this to the destruction of
Jerusalem & how it applies to Antiochus.
It may be that this prophecy has two
fulfillments (e.g., Hos 11:1-2).
However, I tend to think that Jesus
referenced Dan 12:11.
However, I tend to think that Jesus
referenced Dan 12:11.
◦ The destruction of Jerusalem would be the
final “abomination of desolation.”
However, I tend to think that Jesus
referenced Dan 12:11.
◦ The destruction of Jerusalem would be the
final “abomination of desolation.”
◦ Never again would burnt offerings be
made in Jerusalem.
Prophecies of Antiochus IV
Epiphanes.
Prophecies of Antiochus IV
Epiphanes.
11:21-39.
Prophecies of Antiochus IV
Epiphanes.
11:21-39.
Notice what this passage declares: ◦ Armies shall be utterly swept away before
him.
◦ He shall stir up his heart & power against the king of the south.
◦ His army shall be swept away by the king of the south.
◦ He shall be set against the holy covenant.
◦ Ships of Kittim shall come against him, he shall become afraid & withdraw.
◦ He shall profane the temple & the fortress, and he shall take away the regular burnt offering.
◦ He shall exalt himself above every god & speak astonishing things against the God of gods.
Fulfillment:
Fulfillment:
◦ Antiochus IV took the name “Epiphanes,”
which means “Manifest One.”
Fulfillment:
◦ Antiochus IV took the name “Epiphanes,”
which means “Manifest One.”
◦ He paid off important people to get the
throne.
Fulfillment:
◦ Antiochus IV took the name “Epiphanes,”
which means “Manifest One.”
◦ He paid off important people to get the
throne.
◦ He plundered part of Egypt’s richest
territory (Judea was part of Egypt at this
time). He divided the spoil among his
soldiers.
Fulfillment:
◦ Antiochus IV took the name “Epiphanes,”
which means “Manifest One.”
◦ He paid off important people to get the
throne.
◦ He plundered part of Egypt’s richest
territory (Judea was part of Egypt at this
time). He divided the spoil among his
soldiers.
◦ When he came back from Egypt, he
stopped in Palestine & found an
insurrection in place.
The book of 1 Macabees tells of this
events.
The book of 1 Macabees tells of this
events.
◦ 1 Macabees is part of the apocrypha & is
NOT inspired.
The book of 1 Macabees tells of this
events.
◦ 1 Macabees is part of the apocrypha & is
NOT inspired.
◦ However, the book is HISTORICAL, was
written during (or shortly after) the reign
of Antiochus, & provides much
information about his reign.
“Now when the kingdom was established before Antiochus, he thought
to reign over Egypt that he might have the dominion of two realms.
Wherefore he entered into Egypt with a great multitude, with chariots,
and elephants, and horsemen, and a great navy, and made war against
Ptolemee king of Egypt: but Ptolemee was afraid of him, and fled; and
many were wounded to death. Thus they got the strong cities in the land
of Egypt and he took the spoils thereof. And after that Antiochus had
smitten Egypt, he returned again in the hundred forty and third year, and
went up against Israel and Jerusalem with a great multitude, and entered
proudly into the sanctuary, and took away the golden altar, and the
candlestick of light, and all the vessels thereof, and the table of the
shewbread, and the pouring vessels, and the vials. and the censers of
gold, and the veil, and the crown, and the golden ornaments that were
“before the temple, all which he pulled off. He took also the
silver and the gold, and the precious vessels: also he took the
hidden treasures which he found. And when he had taken all
away, he went into his own land, having made a great massacre,
and spoken very proudly. Therefore there was a great mourning
in Israel, in every place where they were; so that the princes
and elders mourned, the virgins and young men were made
feeble, and the beauty of women was changed. Every
bridegroom took up lamentation, and she that sat in the
marriage chamber was in heaviness, the land also was moved
for the inhabitants thereof, and all the house of Jacob was
covered with confusion” (1 Macc 1:16-28).
When Antiochus found this
insurrection,
◦ He dealt ruthlessly with the Jews.
◦ He killed 80,000 people & plundered the
Temple.
When Antiochus found this
insurrection,
◦ He dealt ruthlessly with the Jews.
◦ He killed 80,000 people & plundered the
Temple.
◦ The Jews started a full-fledged revolt
known as the Maccabean Revolt.
In 168 BC, Antiochus again invaded
Egypt, but he was soundly defeated.
In 168 BC, Antiochus again invaded
Egypt, but he was soundly defeated.
◦ When Antiochus arrived on the outskirts
of Alexandria, a Roman commander
handed him a letter from the Roman
Senate telling Antiochus to leave Egypt at
once or risk war with Rome.
In 168 BC, Antiochus again invaded
Egypt, but he was soundly defeated.
◦ When Antiochus arrived on the outskirts
of Alexandria, a Roman commander
handed him a letter from the Roman
Senate telling Antiochus to leave Egypt at
once or risk war with Rome.
◦ The commander then drew a circle in the
sand & told Antiochus to decide what he
would do before he stepped out of the
circle (the expression “line in the sand”
comes from this episode).
In 168 BC, Antiochus again invaded
Egypt, but he was soundly defeated.
◦ When Antiochus arrived on the outskirts
of Alexandria, a Roman commander
handed him a letter from the Roman
Senate telling Antiochus to leave Egypt at
once or risk war with Rome.
◦ The commander then drew a circle in the
sand & told Antiochus to decide what he
would do before he stepped out of the
circle (the expression “line in the sand”
comes from this episode).
◦ Antiochus wisely chose to leave Egypt.
The next year, Antiochus again turned
his attention to Palestine.
The next year, Antiochus again turned
his attention to Palestine.
◦ He sent his chief tax collector to
Jerusalem who began to kill people on the
Sabbath.
The next year, Antiochus again turned
his attention to Palestine.
◦ He sent his chief tax collector to
Jerusalem who began to kill people on the
Sabbath.
◦ He also began to reward those who
followed Hellenistic customs.
In 167, Antiochus’ forces came to stop
the Jewish religion.
In 167, Antiochus’ forces came to stop
the Jewish religion.
◦ They stopped the Jewish sacrifices,
offering swine on the altar instead.
In 167, Antiochus’ forces came to stop
the Jewish religion.
◦ They stopped the Jewish sacrifices,
offering swine on the altar instead.
◦ They set up an idol to Zeus in the Temple.
The prophecies concerning Antiochus
are so exact that many liberal
“scholars” say that Daniel had to be
written after these events.
The Book also speaks of Alexander
the Great.
The Book also speaks of Alexander
the Great.
◦ 11:3-4.
The Book also speaks of Alexander
the Great.
◦ 11:3-4.
◦ Alexander died in 323 BC & his kingdom
was divided between four of his generals.
Josephus says that when Alexander
arrived in Jerusalem, the Book of
Daniel was shown to him & he
identified himself in the prophecies.
Josephus says that when Alexander
arrived in Jerusalem, the Book of
Daniel was shown to him & he
identified himself in the prophecies.
◦ “And when the Book of Daniel was
showed him wherein Daniel declared that
one of the Greeks should destroy the
empire of the Persians, he supposed that
himself was the person intended. And . . .
he was then glad” (Antiquities of the Jews,
11.8.5).
Josephus says that when Alexander
arrived in Jerusalem, the Book of
Daniel was shown to him & he
identified himself in the prophecies.
◦ “And when the Book of Daniel was
showed him wherein Daniel declared that
one of the Greeks should destroy the
empire of the Persians, he supposed that
himself was the person intended. And . . .
he was then glad” (Antiquities of the Jews,
11.8.5).
◦ While that episode is likely not true, it
shows that Alexander was viewed as the
fulfillment of this prophecies for ages.
