The meaning behind the

Sabbath

Laindon Bible Class – 23rd January 2013

What we plan to cover (God willing)

• Our key note – beginning to get to the meaning• Relevant Hebrew and Greek words• The Sabbath Stage– in Creation [originated]– in the Law [established]– in the Histories [neglected]– in Jesus’ Ministry [wrested]

• The Future Sabbath of Rest [fulfilled]

• The Lesson of the Sabbath for us

Our key note• Not a day of idleness1...

• God ordained the Sabbath that man might rest from his own works (doing God’s instead)2

• This a fitting parallel to the Creation sequence

Hebrews 4 v 4, 10

4 For he spake in a certain place of the seventh day on this wise, And God did rest the seventh day from all his works.10 For he that is entered into his rest, he also hath ceased from his own works, as God did from his.

1 How would this be a glory to God? 2 Giving God both glory and pleasure

Israel’s failure to complyIsaiah 58 v 13-14

13 If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on my holy day; and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the Lord, honourable; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine own words:14 Then shalt thou delight thyself in the Lord; and I will cause thee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father: for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.

5 Is it such a fast [Day of Atonement] that I have chosen? a day for a man to afflict his soul? is it to bow down his head as a bulrush, and to spread sackcloth and ashes under him? wilt thou call this a fast, and an acceptable day to the Lord?6 Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke?7 Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry, and that thou bring the poor that are cast out to thy house? when thou seest the naked, that thou cover him; and that thou hide not thyself from thine own flesh?

NRSV: “If you refrain from trampling the sabbath”

Psalm 92 – for the SabbathA Psalm or Song for the Sabbath day.

1 It is a good thing to give thanks unto the Lord, and to sing praises unto thy name, O most High:2 To shew forth thy lovingkindness in the morning, and thy faithfulness every night,3 Upon an instrument of ten strings, and upon the psaltery; upon the harp with a solemn sound.4 For thou, Lord, hast made me glad through thy work: I will triumph in the works of thy hands.5 O Lord, how great are thy works! and thy thoughts are very deep.6 A brutish man knoweth not; neither doth a fool understand this.7 When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever:

8 But thou, Lord, art most high for evermore.9 For, lo, thine enemies, O Lord, for, lo, thine enemies shall perish; all the workers of iniquity shall be scattered.10 But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil.11 Mine eye also shall see my desire on mine enemies, and mine ears shall hear my desire of the wicked that rise up against me.12 The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon.13 Those that be planted in the house of the Lord shall flourish in the courts of our God.14 They shall still bring forth fruit in old age; they shall be fat and flourishing;15 To shew that the Lord is upright: he is my rock, and there is no unrighteousness in him.

Relevant Hebrew and Greek words

Heb. shabath

‘to repose’ (Str.) ‘to desist from exertion’

(Str.)‘to cease’ (BDB)

‘to keep or to observe the Sabbath’ (BDB)

71 appearancescease(d)(eth) 47

rest(ed) 11various other 13

First appearance: Genesis 2 v 2

Heb. shabbath

‘intermission’ (Str.)‘(specifically) the Sabbath’ (Str.)

111 appearancesSabbath(s) 110

another 1

First appearance: Exodus 16 v 23

Heb. shabbathown

‘a sabbatism’ (Str.)‘Sabbath observance’ (BDB)

11 appearancesrest 8

a Sabbath 3

First appearance: Exodus 16 v 23

Gk. sabbaton

‘the Sabbath’ (Str.)‘the seventh day of each

week’ (Thayer)

68 appearancesSabbath (day) 59

week 9

First appearance: Matthew 12 v 1

The Sabbath – in Creation

• Day is “blessed” and “sanctified” (i.e. made holy or clean)

• This the basis of the provisions in the Law• This was the first new day after the creation of

man (the culmination of the work)

Genesis 2 v 1-3

1 Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them.2 And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.3 And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.

Heb. shabath

The Sabbath – in the Law

Deuteronomy 8 v 2

3 And he humbled thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thou knewest not, neither did thy fathers know; that he might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the Lord doth man live.

Exodus 16 v 23-30

23 And he said unto them, This is that which the Lord hath said, To morrow is the rest of the holy sabbath unto the Lord: bake that which ye will bake to day, and seethe that ye will seethe; and that which remaineth over lay up for you to be kept until the morning.24 And they laid it up till the morning, as Moses bade: and it did not stink, neither was there any worm therein.25 And Moses said, Eat that to day; for to day is a sabbath unto the Lord: to day ye shall not find it in the field.26 Six days ye shall gather it; but on the seventh day, which is the sabbath, in it there

shall be none.27 And it came to pass, that there went out some of the people on the seventh day for to gather, and they found none.28 And the Lord said unto Moses, How long refuse ye to keep my commandments and my laws?29 See, for that the Lord hath given you the sabbath, therefore he giveth you on the sixth day the bread of two days; abide ye every man in his place, let no man go out of his place on the seventh day.30 So the people rested on the seventh day.

The Sabbath – in the Law (2)Deuteronomy 5 v 12-15 (see also Exodus 20 v 8-11)

12 Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the Lord thy God hath commanded thee.13 Six days thou shalt labour, and do all thy work:14 But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; that thy manservant and thy maidservant may rest as well as thou.15 And remember that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt, and that the Lord thy God brought thee out thence through a mighty hand and by a stretched out arm: therefore the Lord thy God commanded thee to keep the sabbath day.

Heb. asah = ‘to do or make’ (Str.)NET: “observe the Sabbath day”

GWT: “observe the day of worship”

Leviticus 23 v 3

3 Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein: it is the sabbath of the Lord in all your dwellings.

Heb. miqra = ‘something called out’ (Str.)NET: “holy assembly”

The Sabbath – in the Law (3)Leviticus 24 v 5-8

5 And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof: two tenth deals shall be in one cake.6 And thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table before the Lord.7 And thou shalt put pure frankincense upon each row, that it may be on the bread for a memorial, even an offering made by fire unto the Lord.8 Every sabbath he shall set it in order

before the Lord continually, being taken from the children of Israel by an everlasting covenant.

• Also, 2x sacrifices on this day (see Numbers 28 v 9-10) & circumcisions performed on this day (as John 7 v 23)

• As Jesus taught, this seeming profaning of the Sabbath was acceptable to God. How so? Because it was doing God’s works!

The Strictness of the Sabbath• The man gathering sticks (Numbers 15 v 32-36)

• See also Exodus 31 v 12-17 “cut off... put to death”

The Sabbath – in the HistoriesNehemiah 13 v 15-22

15 In those days saw I in Judah some treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals.16 There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, which brought fish, and all manner of ware, and sold on the sabbath unto the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem.17 Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said unto them, What evil thing is this that ye do, and profane the sabbath day?18 Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath.19 And it came to pass, that when the gates of

Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the gates should be shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the sabbath: and some of my servants set I at the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day.20 So the merchants and sellers of all kind of ware lodged without Jerusalem once or twice.21 Then I testified against them, and said unto them, Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you. From that time forth came they no more on the sabbath.22 And I commanded the Levites that they should cleanse themselves, and that they should come and keep the gates, to sanctify the sabbath day. Remember me, O my God, concerning this also, and spare me according to the greatness of thy mercy.

The Sabbath – in Jesus’ Ministry

• How “Lord... of the sabbath day”? Because Jesus did God’s works on this and every day (thus fulfilling the Sabbath principle) cp. John 9 v 4. Also see Matt. 5 v 18

Matthew 12 v 1-8

1 At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat.2 But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day.3 But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him;4 How he entered into the house of God, and did eat the shewbread, which was not lawful

for him to eat, neither for them which were with him, but only for the priests?5 Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless?6 But I say unto you, That in this place is one greater than the temple.7 But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.8 For the Son of man is Lord even of the sabbath day. [see addition in Mark 2 v 27]

The Sabbath – in Jesus’ Ministry (2)• This explains why Jesus did so many acts of

healing on the Sabbath day! (7 in total)1. Man with a withered hand Matthew 12 v 10

2. Man with an unclean spirit Mark 1 v 21,23

3. Peter’s mother-in-law’s fever Mark 1 v 29-30

4. Woman with an 18-year infirmity Luke 13 v 10-11

5. Man with dropsy Luke 14 v 1-2

6. Impotent (lame) man at pool of Bethesda John 5 v 9

7. Man born blind John 9 v 14

The Sabbath – in Jesus’ Ministry (3)Mark 1 v 21-22

21 And they went into Capernaum; and straightway on the sabbath day he entered into the synagogue, and taught.22 And they were astonished at his doctrine: for he taught them as one that had authority, and not as the scribes.

Mark 6 v 2

2 And when the sabbath day was come, he began to teach in the synagogue: and many hearing him were astonished, saying, From whence hath this man these things? and what wisdom is this which is given unto him, that even such mighty works are wrought by his hands?

Luke 4 v 31-32

31 And came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and taught them on the sabbath days.32 And they were astonished at his doctrine: for his word was with power.

The Sabbath and Sunday• The first day of the week, when we remember

Jesus, was interestingly the first day after the new creation of man

Mark 16 v 1-2

1 And when the sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, had bought sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him.2 And very early in the morning the first day of the week, they came unto the sepulchre at the rising of the sun.

Acts 20 v 7 (see also 1 Corinthians 16 v 20)

7 And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, ready to depart on the morrow; and continued his speech until midnight.

The Future Sabbath of Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 76 days of 1,000 years labour

“But, beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years,

and a thousand years as one day.”(2 Peter 3 v 8)

1 day of 1,000 years

rest

“There remaineth

therefore a rest to the people of

God.”(Hebrews 4 v 9)

Dominion comes cp. Gen. 1 v 28

The (Crucial) Lesson of the Sabbath

Whose works are we doing?

(Also, it is not enough to just stop our own works... Cp. Luke 11 v 24-26)