• Look at the images in front of you. They are illustrations of the text we will study today.

- What does it suggest about the text we are about to read?

- What type(s) of love do you think are / will be present?

• Can you see any immediate connections with other texts we have studied?

• Make notes on your handout.

Lesson Objectives

•To understand the social and historical context of John Milton’s writing.•To begin to have an understanding of Paradise Lost and how it fits in to the Restoration Era.

Illustrations of Paradise Lost

Satan, Sin, and Death: Satan Comes to the Gates of Hell

Illustrations of Paradise Lost

Satan Watching the Endearments of Adam and Eve

Illustrations of Paradise Lost

The Temptation and Fall of Eve

Illustration of Paradise Lost

The Expulsion from Paradise

Restoration Period1660 - 1689

• Read through the handout you have been given.

• What do you think the significant points are?

• How does this period compare to the other periods that we have studied?

• Do you see any great changes that may impact on the literature of the time?

Who was John Milton?John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost.

He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval in England, and his poetry and prose reflect deep convictions and deal with contemporary issues, such as his treatise condemning censorship,

He was an official serving under Oliver Cromwell. Though Cromwell’s death in 1658 caused the English Republic to collapse into feuding military and political factions, Milton stubbornly clung to the beliefs that had originally inspired him to write for the Commonwealth. In 1659 he published A Treatise of Civil Power, attacking the concept of a state-dominated church, denouncing corrupt practices in church governance. As the Republic disintegrated, Milton wrote several proposals to retain a non-monarchical government - against the wishes of parliament.

Upon the Restoration in May 1660, Milton went into hiding for his life following his propaganda writings, while a warrant was issued for his arrest and his writings burnt. He re-emerged after a general pardon was issued, but was nevertheless arrested and briefly imprisoned before influential friends intervened. On 24 February 1663 Milton remarried, for a third and final time, and spent the remaining decade of his life living quietly in London, only retiring to a cottage – Milton’s Cottage – in Chalfont St. Giles, his only existing home. Milton died of kidney failure on 8 November 1674 and was buried in the church ofSt. Giles, Cripplegate.

What is Paradise Lost?Paradise Lost is an epic poem by the 17th-century English poet John Milton. The poem concerns the Christian story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton's purpose, stated in Book I, is to "justify the ways of God to men" and clarify the conflict between God's eternal foresight and free will.

Milton incorporates Paganism, classical Greek references, and Christianity within the poem. It deals with diverse topics from marriage, politics and the monarchy, along with issues including fate, predestination and the introduction of sin and death into the world. Milton's epic is generally considered one of the greatest literary works in the English language.

Task

Read through the extracts from Paradise Lost.

What is happening in each extract?How is Eve presented in the first extract?How is the love between Adam and Eve presented overall?How do you think this extract links to the context?

Group Task• You will be working in groups, analysing

the extracts from Paradise Lost, Book IX.

• You will be required to analyse your extract with a particular focus and then present your ideas to the rest of the class.

• You should ensure you include textual evidence with detailed analysis and interpretations.

Group TaskGroup OneExtract One

Group Two Extract Two

Group ThreeBoth extracts.

What is the focus of your extract?

Analyse the presentation of love in your extract. Focus on: Language, structure, form.

Select and analyse one key area of the poem that you feel portrays love effectively.

Consider any alternative interpretations.

What is the focus of your extract?

Analyse the presentation of love in your extract. Focus on: Language, structure, form.

Select and analyse one key area of the poem that you feel portrays love effectively.

Consider any alternative interpretations.

How do the extracts link into the Restoration Period and the work of Milton?

Consider the periods that we have studied so far. How could you link them to Paradise Lost?

Select and analyse one key area of the poem that you feel conveys the period of time or shows a reflection of Milton’s ideas.

Be prepared to feedback your ideas!

…To end the lesson• Three things that you

have learnt about the restoration or the work of John Milton this lesson.

• Two things that you would like to know about the restoration or the work of John Milton.

• One thing you knew about the Restoration or John Milton at the start of the lesson.

As you are waiting for the lesson to begin…

• Summarise your understanding of Paradise Lost by John Milton to 8 bullet points.

• What texts have you read so far that you could compare to Paradise Lost? How do they compare?

Lesson Objectives

•To analyse Paradise Lost further.•To explore the links between Paradise Lost and other texts studied.• To consider how to respond to an unseen extract and an exam based question.

The Bible story of Adam and EveGenesis III 1 The snake was sneakier than any of the other wild animals that the LORD God had made. One day it came to the woman and asked, "Did God tell you not to eat fruit from any tree in the garden?" 2 The woman answered, "God said we could eat fruit from any tree in the garden, 3 except the one in the middle. He told us not to eat fruit from that tree or even to touch it. If we do, we will die." 4 "No, you won't!" the snake replied. 5 "God understands what will happen on the day you eat fruit from that tree. You will see what you have done, and you will know the difference between right and wrong, just as God does." 6 The woman stared at the fruit. It looked beautiful and tasty. She wanted the wisdom that it would give her, and she ate some of the fruit. Her husband was there with her, so she gave some to him, and he ate it too. 7 Right away they saw what they had done, and they realized they were naked. Then they sewed fig leaves together to make something to cover themselves.

Genesis 3Genesis 3 introduces the Serpent, "slier than every beast of the field." The serpent tempts the woman to eat from the tree of knowledge, telling her that it will make her more like God and it will not lead to death. She succumbs, and gives the fruit to the man, who eats also, "and the eyes of the two of them were opened." Aware now of their nakedness, they make coverings of fig leaves, and hide from the sight of God. God asks them about what they have done. Adam blames Eve, and Eve blames the serpent.

• Read through the Bible story:

• What links can you see between this and Paradise Lost?

• How is Paradise Lost different to the Bible story?

• Why do you think Milton has emulated such a well-known story?

• Why do you think Milton chooses to change some of the Bible story?

Group TaskGroup OneExtract One

Group Two Extract Two

Group ThreeBoth extracts.

What is the focus of your extract?

Analyse the presentation of love in your extract. Focus on: Language, structure, form.

Select and analyse one key area of the poem that you feel portrays love effectively.

Consider any alternative interpretations.

What is the focus of your extract?

Analyse the presentation of love in your extract. Focus on: Language, structure, form.

Select and analyse one key area of the poem that you feel portrays love effectively.

Consider any alternative interpretations.

How do the extracts link into the Restoration Period and the work of Milton?

Consider the periods that we have studied so far. How could you link them to Paradise Lost?

Select and analyse one key area of the poem that you feel conveys the period of time or shows a reflection of Milton’s ideas.

Be prepared to feedback your ideas!

In the exam, you will be given two unseen extracts.

The questions test your wider reading in the prescribed area for study – Love Through the Ages. In your answer, you should take every opportunity to refer to your wider reading.

You will work in groups to devise an essay plan on one unseen poem from the Restoration era.

How is love presented in the poem On Desire by Aphra Behn?

How is love presented in the poem On Desire by Aphra Behn?

In groups devise an essay plan to answer this question.

In it you must include or think about:

• An exploration of the presentation of love in this extract.

• Key quotations to support your points.

• The ways the writers use form, structure and language to express their thoughts and ideas .

• Specific and detailed links to texts from this era and other eras that we have studied so far.

To end the lesson…Look over your essay plan and consider the following (brief)

assessment objectives:

AO1: Creative, informed and relevant responses to show understanding.AO2: Analyse the ways in which structure, form and language shape meanings.AO3: Explore connections and comparisons between texts.AO4: Demonstrate understanding of the significance and influence of the contexts.

What do you feel you still need to cover, based on your plan? Set this as your target.

Homework: Complete the essay for the plan you have just prepared.

Due next exam lesson.