LESSON FROM LAST SERMON OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH)

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ASKAR TRIWIYANTO (PhD - ME)

The farewell address of Prophet Muhammad was indeed addressed to all humankind at all times and for all generations. It encompasses many aspects of life (general and specific).

He laid down the foundation of morality, chastity, modesty, justice, equality, brotherhood, and accountability. He abolished economic exploitation, human enslavement, paganism, transgression, international law and all systems that contradict with the system of Allah (God).

Furthermore, Muslim international law also dealt long ago, before the Dutch lawyer Hugo Grotius (d. 1645ad) who is considered to be the father of international law.

Maghrib Talk, 15 February 2012 Masjid An Nur Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

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1. MUHAMMAD (PBUH) AS NO. 1

2. Literature

Books 1. 100 Greats 2. Sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)3. Economic Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) -4. Seerat Books

Enclosures 5. Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

Sources of Presentation

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3. LESSONS

1. Be Learnt 2. Be Reflected in real Life 3. Seerat as way of Life.

The religion of Islam is misunderstood in the western world.

• The Muslims images in the west are stereotyped with terrorism and backwardness. – Interpreting, analyzing and understanding the last sermon of the Prophet

Muhammad would correct the misunderstanding and introduce the religion of Islam with its valuable values and principles to the non Muslims.

– The values mentioned in the last sermon of the Prophet, if applied, would be a public and private policy. A way of life, every one would enjoy and live in peace with each others regardless their different backgrounds, colours or ethnics.

• The farewell address of Prophet Muhammad was indeed addressed to all humankind at all times and for all generations. – It encompasses many aspects of life (general and specific).

– He laid down the foundation of morality, chastity, modesty, justice, equality, brotherhood, and accountability.

– He abolished economic exploitation, human enslavement, paganism, transgression and all systems that contradict with the system of Allah (God).

• He demanded that the congregating Muslims deliver his message to all humankind. Accordingly, they did deliver the message. For this reason, the message of Islam has spread through the centuries to every corner of the world. The global population of Muslims is now more than one billion. He has used Islam as the vehicle to transport others into his flock. The values espoused in his speeches have generated untold number of response exemplified by the geometric increase in the number of his followers. This is the prove of the fact that people all over the world are recognizing the power behind his messages and are slowly becoming aware of themselves. He demonstrated how political leadership can be fruitful.            

• In his political leadership communication, the Prophet’s demonstration of extreme self-control made his followers to love him and his enemies either to give up and join his religion or to fear him and stay away. There was no human being who had his life more scrutinized and documented than the Prophet Muhammad.  His behaviour toward his companions was perfect and towards his foes was fair. In essence, he was kind of educating them about governance.

Lesson from Last Sermon of Prophet PBUHUniversality of the Speech

The Prophet directed his Speech to all humankind. He used the term O People seven times. In the farewell address, the Prophet did not use the terminology O Muslims or O Believer).

The prophet intention was to address all people regardless their religions, colours or times (his time or any time after him until the day of Judgement). The Prophets message was and still is to every person every where in the world

In Surah Saba in the Quran Allah Says:We have not sent you but as a universal (Messenger) to mankind, giving them glad tidings, and warning them (against sin), but most understand not. (34:28)

In his address, the Prophet addressed several issues:• Freedom to all• Sanctity of life, wealth and property• Equality of all races• Justice in front of the law and in front of God• Womens rights and obligations• Exploitation and Monopoly• Rights of others

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1. Oneness of Allah2. Human Equality 3. Abolition of Blood Revenges 4. Abolition of Interest 5. Human Dignity 6. Rights of Women7. Bequest 8. Adultery 9. Repayment of Debt 10. Individual Accountability 11. Honesty

Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) (18)

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12. Brotherhood13. Obedience of Rulers 14. Finality of Prophethood15. External Guidance16. Pillars of Islam17. Preaching of Islam18. Fulfillment of Mission

Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) (18)

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1. ONENESS OF ALLAHI Bear witness that there is no God but Allah, the one, having no partner with Him. He is the sovereignty and to him is due all praise. He grants life and causes death and is powerful over everything.

Address by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

2. HUMAN EQUALITY Allah says: O People We created you from one male and female and made you into tribes and nations, so as to be known to one another. Verily in the sight of Allah, the most honor amongst you is the one who is most God-fearing. All mankind is the progeny of Adam and Adam was fashioned out of clay. Behold! Every claim of privilege whether that of blood or property, is under my heels except that of the custody of the Ka’bah and supplying of water to the pilgrims.

3. ABOLITION OF BLOOD REVENGES Behold! All practice of the days of ignorance are now under my feet. The blood revenges of the days of ignorance are remitted.

4. ABOLITION OF INTEREST All interest and usurious dues recurring from the times of ignorance stand wiped out.

5. HUMAN DIGNITY O People, verily your blood, your property and your honor are sacred and inviolable until you appear before your Lord. Verily you will soon meet your Lord and you will be held answerable for your actions.

6. RIGHTS OF WOMEN O People, verily you have got certain rights over your women and your women have certain rights over you. It is your right upon them to honor their conjugal right and not to commit acts of impropriety, which if they do, you are authorized by Allah to separate them form your beds and chastise them, but not severely and if they refrain form them, clothe and feed them properly. Treat the women kindly since they are your helpers and are not in a position to manage their affairs themselves. Fear Allah concerning women, for verily you have taken them on the security of Allah and have made their persons lawful Unto you by words of Allah.

7. BEQUEST O People, Allah, the mighty and Exalted, has ordained to everyone his due share (of inheritance.) Hence there is no need (of special) testament for a heir (departing from them rules laid down by the Shariah).

8. ADULTERY The child belongs to the marriage-bed and the violator of wedlock shall be stoned. And Reckoning of their (deeds) rests with Allah. He who attributes his ancestry to other than his father, the curse of Allah is upon him.

9. REPAYMENT OF DEBTS All debts must be repaid, all borrowed property must be returned, gifts should be reciprocated and a surety must make good the loss to the assured.

10. INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTABILITY Beware, no one committing a crime is responsible for it but himself. Neither the son is responsible for the crime of his father, nor the father is responsible for the crime of his son.

11. HONESTY Nothing of his brother is lawful for a Muslim except what he himself gives willingly. So do not wrong yourselves.

12. BROTHERHOOD O People, every Muslim is the brother of other Muslim, and all the Muslims form one brotherhood. Take heed not to go astray after me, and strike on another’s necks. He who (amongst you) has any trust with him, he must return it to its owner.

13. OBEDIENCE TO RULERS O People, Listen and obey, though a mangled Abyssinian slave is appointed your Ameer (Ruler) provided he executes (the Ordinance of) the Book of Allah among you.

14. FINALITY OF PROPHETHOOD O People, No prophet would be raised after me and no new Ummah (would be formed after you).

15. ETERNAL GUIDANCE O People, understand my words which I convey to you, I leave behind me two things, the Quran and my examples; the Sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray.

16. PILLARS OF ISLAM Behold! Worship your Lord; offer prayers five times a day; observe fasts in the month of Ramadan; pay readily the Zakat (poor due) on your property; and perform pilgrimage to the house of Allah and obey rulers and you will be admitted to the Paradise of your Lord.

17. PREACHING ISLAM Let him that is present convey it unto him who is absent. For many people to whom the message is conveyed may be more mindful of it than the audience.

18. FULFILLMENT OF MISSION And if you were asked about me, what would you say? People answered; We bear witness, “you have conveyed the trust (of religion) and discharged the message and looked to our welfare”.

There upon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) lifted his fore-finger towards the sky and then pointing towards people said; O “Lord; Bear Thou witness unto it”. O “Lord: Bear Thou witness unto”. O “Lord: Bear Thou witness unto it”.

Summary of Last Sermon of Prophet PBUHOne can heed words of wisdom and guidelines from the last sermon

(khutbah) of the prophet (SAWS). His sermons emphasized on the following:

• Sacredness of a Muslim’s life and property

• The importance of propagating this message to all others (A Muslim’s responsibility thus does not end by following the religion)

• A reminder that everyone is fully accountable for their deeds and Allah (God) will take every person into account. If everyone heeded to this fact alone, the world would be a much better place today.

• “Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you.” These words of the prophet are self explanatory.

Summary of Last Sermon of Prophet PBUH

• The prohibition of dealing with interest (Numerous accounts in Quran and Hadith prohibit taking, giving or being a part of any transaction dealing with interest).

• “You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequity.” These words of the prophet are self explanatory.

• The awareness of satan and how satan can work to deviate us from the right path and doing evil things.

• Rights of women over men and rights of men over women. • Treatment of women with kindness. • Modesty and chastity in women. • The importance of worshiping Allah (saying your five daily prayers (Salah),

fasting during the month of Ramadan, giving charity (Zakat) and performing pilgrimage (Hajj).

• Equality amongst all (blacks, white, Arabs, non-Arabs, etc.) • The need to establish justice. • Islam is the final divine religion (Last prophet and Last Book).

• Reference: See Al-Bukhari, Hadith 1623, 1626, 6361) Sahih of Imam Muslim also refers to this sermon in Hadith number 98. Imam al-Tirmidhi has mentioned this sermon in Hadith nos. 1628, 2046, 2085. Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal has given us the longest and perhaps the most complete version of this sermon in his Masnud, Hadith no. 19774.)

Abu Said al Khudriy meriwayatkan bahwa saat Haji Wada’ Rasululullah bersabda :

“ Semoga Alloh swt mencerahkan orang yang mendengar kata-kataku lalu menjaganya. Betapa banyak orang yang membawa pemahaman, tetapi ia sendiri tak paham. Tiga hal yang seorang Mukmin tidak akan dengki terhadapnya; mengikhlaskan amal kepada Alloh swt, memberikan Loyalitas kepada pemimpin kaum Muslimin dan selalu bergabung dengan Jama’ah mereka” (HR. Al- Bazzar dan Ibnu Hibban)

References• Prophet MUHAMMAD (PBUH) – As strategic Leader, Prof. Dr. Khawaja

Amjad Saeed, Founder Principal, Hailey College of Banking & Finance, University of the Punjab, Pakistan (2003----),

• Textual Analysis of the Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad PBUH, PhD Dissertation, Howard University, Washington, 2004.

• http://www.themodernreligion.com/prophet/prophet_lastsermon.htm• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibMJ8OhC3ck&feature=related (Last Sermon of

Prophet PBUH)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dz6cJN1jU44 (everything Begins with tarbiyah)• http://www.iqrasense.com/about-islam/the-last-sermon-khutbah-of-prophet-

muhammad-farewell-sermon.html