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Introduction to the Sacraments
Rev. Paul R. FisherPastor, Our Lady of the Blessed Sacrament, Harrisburg
Diocesan Ecumenical and Interreligious Officer
• SACRED SIGN• INSTITUTED BY CHRIST
• ENTRUSTED TO THE CHURCH• WHICH ALWAYS GIVES GRACE
SACRAMENT:
•Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:19)• You will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth (Acts 1: 8)• And when he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, “This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” (1 Corinthians 11:24)
By the Lord:
•What therefore God has joined together, let no man put asunder." And in the house the disciples asked him again about this matter. And he said to them, "Whoever divorces his wife and marries another, commits adultery against her; and if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.“ (Mark 10: 9-12)• Jesus said to Simon Peter, “Simon son of John, do you love me more than these?” “Yes, Lord,” he said, “you know that I love you.” Jesus said, “Feed my lambs.” (John 21:15)• He breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive anyone’s sins, their sins are forgiven; if you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven.” (John 20: 22-23)• These signs will accompany those who believe: … they will place their hands on the sick, and they will get well.” (Mark 16: 17-18)
The Apostolic Era:• Those who accepted his message were baptized, and about three thousand were added to their number that day.(Acts 2: 41)•When the apostles in Jerusalem heard that Samaria had accepted the word of God, they sent Peter and John to Samaria. … Then Peter and John placed their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit.(Acts 8: 14, 17)• For I received from the Lord what I also handed on to you: The Lord Jesus, on the night he was handed over, took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, “This is my body(1 Corinthians 11:23-24)
• For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife, and they shall be two in one flesh. This is a great sacrament.. (Ephesians 5: 31-32)• They gave them lots, and the lot fell upon Matthias, and he was numbered with the eleven apostles. (Acts 1: 26)
They appointed] presbyters for them in each church and, with prayer and fasting, commended them to the Lord in whom they had put their faith. (Acts 14:23) They chose Stephen, a man full of faith, and of the Holy Spirit, and Philip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolas, a proselyte of Antioch. These they set before the apostles; and they praying, imposed hands upon them. (Acts 6: 5-6)
•God was reconciling the world to himself in Christ, not counting their trespasses against them and entrusting to us the message of reconciliation. So we are ambassadors for Christ… (2 Corinthians 5: 19-20)• Is anyone among you sick? He should summon the presbyters of the church, and they should pray over him and anoint with oil in the name of the Lord, and the prayer of faith will save the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up. (James 5: 14-15)
The Tradition of the Church:CHRISTIAN INITIATIONPATRISTIC ERA
Prolonged CatechumenateMainly conferred on adults
Baptism-Confirmation-Holy Communion at Easter VigilPOST PATRISTIC ERA
Additional times for initiation (Vigils of Epiphany, Pentecost)
MIDDLE AGESDecline of Catechumenate
Mainly conferred on childrenDelay of Confirmation and Communion
MODERN ERARestoration of Catechumenate (RCIA)
PENANCEPATRISTIC ERA
Order of PenitentsPublic Confession of Sin/Private Confession of Sins
Prolonged PenancesConferred on adults
Reconciliation on Holy ThursdayPOST PATRISTIC ERAPrivate Confessions
IndulgencesMIDDLE AGES
No longer an “order” of PenitentsPrivate Confession/Absolution
Immediate preparation for Holy CommunionAge of Reason
Also for Venial SinsConfessional screen
BAPTISMMIDDLE AGES
Decline of CatechumenateMainly conferred on Infants and Children
Emphasis on LimboSeparation of Confirmation and Communion
MODERN ERARestoration of Lent/Easter as the Seasons of
BaptismSpecific Rite for Infants and Children
CONFIRMATIONMIDDLE AGES
Conferred mainly on childrenSeparation from the Rite of Baptism
Delay until puberty“Soldier for Christ”
MODERN ERABaptismal connectionsThe “restored” order“Adult commitment”
EUCHARISTPATRISTIC ERA
Solemnization of RiteMultiplicity of Rites
Communion in HandCommunion under Both Forms
Communion FastSundays and Feasts
MIDDLE AGESCommunion on Tongue
“First Communion” distinct from other Sacraments of Initiation
Less Frequent CommunionCommunion under One Form
Adoration of the Blessed SacramentDaily Mass
REFORMATION ERAInfrequent Communion
The “Roman” Rite – Missal of St. Pius VBanquet in the context of a Sacrifice
19TH CENTURYReduction of age of 1st CommunionReduction of the Communion Fast
Liturgical movementMODERN ERA
Missal of Paul VISacrifice in the context of a BanquetCommunion in the Hand as option
MARRIAGEPATRISTIC ERA
Pastoral Care surrounding MarriagePriestly blessing of existing relationship
Readmission to Holy Communion for Divorced/RemarriedPOST PATRISTIC ERA
Marriage Rite become Civil RiteMIDDLE AGES
Church exercises complete jurisdiction over MarriageCatholics only permitted to marry Catholics
Form of Marriage establishedNo DivorceAnnulments
REFORMATIONSeparation of Sacramental and Civil Marriage
Permission for Mixed MarriagesDispensation to marry unbaptized
MODERN ERAEcumenical Reinterpretation of the Form of Marriage
HOLY ORDERSPATRISTIC ERA
Bishops, Priests, Deacons chosen by local communitiesClerical ContinencePOST PATRISTIC ERA
Bishops chosen by BishopsMIDDLE AGES
Apprenticeship for candidates to PriesthoodBishops chosen by Pope
Clerical celibacyClerical social class
REFORMATIONFormation in Seminaries
MODERN ERADefinition of the Matter and Form of the Sacrament
RECONCILIATIONMODERN ERA
Communal Rite of the SacramentReconciliation Chapels/Rooms
ANOINTING OF THE SICKPATRISTIC ERA
Rite for the Healing of the SickLittle distinction between the Sacrament and non-
sacramental anointingPOST PATRISTIC ERA
Rite in Preparation for DyingMIDDLE AGES
Anointing of the five sensesFor the Forgiveness of Sins in preparation for Final
JudgmentREFORMATION
Attempt at reform of theologyNo real reform in practice
MODERN ERAReform in practice