Development strategies for missions

BEING THE HANDS AND FEET OF JESUS

BEING THE HANDS AND FEET OF JESUS

Shalom Foundation/Brentwood Baptist

Development Strategies for Missions

Shalom Foundation/Brentwood Baptist

Development Strategies for Missions

Objectives for today…

Biblical basis for helping those in need

Knowledge of principles of helping; How to help without hurting

Application for use of the framework; Community development process and tools (touching DR)

The link from community development to touching lives and sharing the Gospel

Show practical examples; Application to your situation…

Question and Answer time

Devotional Thought – Poverty in the Bible

What is the poverty?Who are the poor? Where can it be seen? What does the Bible say about it?

From Greek = “penes” and “ptocheia”

Old Testament/Hebrew Poverty:

1. A loss of things…

2. A loss of influence…

3. A loss of identity…

4. A loss of hope…

5. A complete and total dependency on God… Hebrew = “ebyon” from “abah” = ‘consent, to be willing’

(2 Corinthians 8:8-9) “…Jesus Christ that though He was rich, yet for your sakes He became poor, so that you through His poverty might become rich.”

Material Definition of

Poverty

God Complex of Materially

Non-Poor

Harm to Both Materially Poor and Non-Poor

From Corbett and Fikkert, “When Helping Hurts”

Our Missions Strategy Can be one of Preaching and Ministering (and still be effective)

We can minister to people’s needs and still share the gospel. In many cases, we can even more effectively share the gospel through meeting needs. When we use the model of Jesus and touch people where they are hurting, it opens avenues/windows into their lives that allows us to speak truth

Most mission strategies today focus on the Lost and the Last. A “holistic” strategy focuses on the “Lost, Last and Least”.

STATE OF THE WORLD

For God so loved the world… (John 3:16)

HUNGER FACTS:• 800 Million people are chronically hungry at any given time

• Every day, almost 16,000 children die from hunger related causes; that’s about 1 every 5 seconds

• Chronic undernourishment compounds the problem leading to lack of productivity, stunted growth, weakness and susceptibility to illnesses

ECONOMIC FACTS:

• Out of 6.5 B people in the world, 1.3 B live in absolute poverty (less than $1/day) and 2.6 B live in moderate poverty (less than $2/day)

• Over 60% of the world’s population lives in some type of poverty

• The Developing world spends $13 on debt repayment for every $1 of grant money received

BASIC SERVICES STATS:

• Almost 1 B people still cannot read

• 1.1 B people still lack adequate access to clean drinking water

• 2.6 B people still lack adequate sanitation

• 20% of the world’s population consumes 86% of the world’s goods

GLOBAL PRIORITIES:

Est. Per Year cost/need

Basic Education - $6 B

Water/Sanitation - $9 B

Women’s Health - $12 B

Basic Health/ - $13 B

Nutrition

What We Spend per Year

Cosmetics in the USA - $8 B

Ice Cream in Europe - $11 B

Alcohol and cigarettes in Europe - $155 B

Global Military - $780 B

* There are now more than 30,000 self-storage facilities in the USA offering over a billion square feet storage and we spend $12 Billion dollars/year just to store our extra stuff…

WORLD HEALTH (AIDS): • To date, 25 M people have died worldwide from AIDS

• There are 15 M AIDS orphans in the world; 14 M are in Sub-Saharan Africa

• Half of Sub-Saharan Africa’s per capita income growth is estimated to be falling by between 0.5 to 1.2% per year as a direct result of AIDS

GLOBAL DISASTERS: • They are increasing both numerically and in severity

• Greatest losses due:

1. Floods

2. Windstorms

3. Epidemics

4. Earthquakes

5. Droughts

* Poverty and population density are two greatest exacerbating factors

SPIRITUAL FACTS: • Out of the 6.5 B people in the world, about 1/3 are “Christian”

• About 2.6 B are still classified as living in UPGs

• Out of 16,000 PG in the world today, 6,000 are still classified as UPGs and 600 are unengaged

• About 75% of the world’s lost live in the 10/40 window

• About 80% of the world’s poorest live in the 10/40 window

SPIRITUAL FACTS:

SPIRITUAL FACTS:

HUMAN NEEDS MINISTRIES/MISSIONS STRATEGY…

What they cannot do for you…

* Evangelize, disciple or start churches on their own(Rom 10:17) “Faith comes by hearing the message, and the message comes through the word of Christ…”

HUMAN NEEDS MINISTRIES…

What they can do for you…

(Romans 10:14) - “And how can they hear….?”

A – Access to People

B – Behind closed doors

C – Care for the Needy

D – Discipleship

E – Empower the local church and believers

Potential Negative Impacts of HN Ministries…

Need of people with specialized skills

Creation of dependency in the target group

Shift of focus from the “main thing” to the project/program at hand

Ethical issues such as making “rice” Christians

Can cause a high profile in a non-secure area (e.g. NGOs are considered a “front” sometimes)

Time consuming

Acute - These needs arise from disaster events such as wars, famine, earthquakes, floods, etc., and are highly unpredictable as to when or where they will happen. They can and do open windows for ministry usually of shorter duration periods than chronic needs.

Chronic – These ways include human suffering due to hunger, poverty, poor health, etc., and are generally massive in proportion. Because the problems causing chronic suffering are deeply rooted in societies and cultures, they require long-term, transformational, education-based solutions.

Two General Categories of Human Needs

Relief versus Development…

RELIEF… DEVELOPMENT…

1. Acute needs

2. 24 hours response

3. 3 to six months

4. Mercy oriented

1. Chronic needs

2. Long-term

3. 3 to five year programs

4. Transformational

Relief Work…

•Disaster Response

•Disaster Mitigation

•Disaster Management

•Recovery and Rehabilitation

Development Work…

•Food Security

•Primary Health Care

•Water/Sanitation

•Education/Literacy

•Community Development

•Micro-enterprise/finance

THE RIGHT APPROACH FOR THE RIGHT TARGET…THE RIGHT APPROACH FOR THE RIGHT TARGET…

RELIEFRELIEF

REHABILITATIONREHABILITATION

DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT NON-POOR VULNERABLENON-POOR VULNERABLE

Poverty Line

POOR (MODERATE)POOR (MODERATE)

EXTREME POOR (ABSOLUTE)EXTREME POOR (ABSOLUTE)

DESTITUTE (INVALID, MAJOR DISASTERS, CONFLICT VICTIMS, ETC.)

DESTITUTE (INVALID, MAJOR DISASTERS, CONFLICT VICTIMS, ETC.)

APPROACHAPPROACH TARGETTARGET

Adapted from Corbett and Fikkert, “When Helping Hurts”

BROAD CATEGORIES OF APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT WORK…

Institutional (e.g. training centers…)

Project Extension/Technology Transfer…

Community Development…

Business Development Models…

Disaster relief…

Combination of any/all of the above…

Health Care (Water, Literacy…)

Eco-Tourism…

What is community What is community development?development?

Community Development….Community Development….

a process in which a community is strengthened in order to creatively help meet its own needs: physical, spiritual, mental, psychological, social, economic and political.

a process in which a community is strengthened in order to creatively help meet its own needs: physical, spiritual, mental, psychological, social, economic and political.

It works from the premise that “all people have the right to basic food, shelter, health care, rest, education, job opportunity and security, without being excluded from or exploited by the forces of the market place.”

It works from the premise that “all people have the right to basic food, shelter, health care, rest, education, job opportunity and security, without being excluded from or exploited by the forces of the market place.”

Community Development….

What it is… What it is not…

Insiders working together to solve their problems…

Outside experts providing all the answers…

People working together for the common good…

Individual entrepreneurs excelling…

Successful by building capacity, capabilities, confidence, community,…

About people making more money, having more things, etc.

Good community development is a reflection and a fruit of the gospel transforming lives individually and then collectively….

WHOSE REALITY COUNTS? ROBERT CHAMBERS

Whose knowledge counts?Whose values?

Whose criteria and preferences?Whose appraisal, analysis and

planning?Whose action?

Whose monitoring and evaluation?Whose learning?

Whose empowerment?Whose reality counts?

Ours or theirs?

The Rest of the Story Game…

1. A group of herdsmen/farmers in central Asia were asked to come up with important criteria for animal fodder for their cattle. What was one of the most important to them?

2. When street lighting was installed in Anantapur, India, women in one area were pleased but in another area threw stones and broke the lights out. Why?

3. What did residents of a slum area in Manila say when they asked how their environment could be improved?

4. How did the villagers in Ndola, Zambia complete this sentence? “The poorest of the poor depend on _________?

WHOSE REALITY COUNTS?

NOT EVERYONE APPRECIATES OUR INNOVATIONS…

JUST “DOING SOMETHING” OVER “DOING NOTHING” IS NOT ALWAYS SOUND ADVICE…

MANY TIMES, OUR BEST ADVICE IS

FALLS SHORT OF THE ACTUAL NEEDS…

EVEN THE BEST OF EXPERTS CAN BE WRONG AT TIMES…

NOT EVERYTHING IS AS IT APPEARS…

PEOPLE HAVE AN AMAZING CAPACITY FOR SOLVING THEIR OWN PROBLEMS IF THEY WANT TO…

SOMETIMES, IT DOESN’T MATTER WHERE YOU BEGIN…

Community Development….

a process in which a community is strengthened in order to creatively help meet its own needs: physical, spiritual, mental, psychological, social, economic and political. It works from the premise that “all people have the right to basic food, shelter, health care, rest, education, job opportunity and security, without being excluded from or exploited by the forces of the market place.”

PROCESS VS. PRODUCT

Products:

1. Improved roads

2. Schools/buildings

3. Water systems

4. Food projects

5. Income generation

6. Health centers

7. Animals

8. Etc., etc., etc.

Process:

HOW they get to, how they implement, and how they manage a project…

Emphasis:

How THEY get to…

Community is important because…

1. It is God’s plan for people2. It helps us live out the Christian life in accountability3. It is the only way to accomplish God’s purpose of global evangelism4. Makes everyone important and breaks us out of our individualism5. It reflects as the earthly Kingdom of God and prepares us for the future Kingdom of God

CD Process

Community Problem Awareness and Identification

Community Monitoring, Evaluation

and Celebration

Community Solution Identification and

Prioritization

Building

CapabilityBuilding

Confidence

Building

CommunityBuilding

Capacity

Community Problem Analysis

Community Planningand Implementation

Christ-likeness(Character)

CD Process



Community Monitoring, Evaluation and Celebration

Community Monitoring, Evaluation and Celebration

Community Solution Identification and Prioritization

Community Solution Identification and Prioritization

Building

Capability

Building

Confidence

Building

Community Building

Capacity



Community Planningand ImplementationCommunity Planningand Implementation

Christ-Likeness

Goat Farming

Medical/Health Care

Sanitation/Housing

Literacy/Education

FAITH Garden

Water development

NutritionalImprovement

Livelihood/Micro-

enterprise

AppropriateTechnologies

Time and ParticipationTime and Participation

Development

Development

Outsider InvolvementOutsider Involvement

Insider InvolvementInsider Involvement

1

2

3

4

5

6

The Community Development Process basic flow…The Community Development Process basic flow…

Phase 1 - EntryPhase 1 - Entry

Phase 2 - ImplementPhase 2 - Implement

Phase 3 - ExitPhase 3 - Exit

PredeterminedExit StrategyPredeterminedExit Strategy

CD Measurements of success…our goals =

Building capabilities…

Building capacities…

Building confidence…

Building community…

Building Christ-likeness (Character)…

CD – People working together to accomplish amazing things

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

CD Process



and Celebration


Prioritization

Building

CapabilityBuilding

Confidence

Building

CommunityBuilding

Capacity




Situational/Trend Analyses

1. Tools for raising community awareness and problem identification…

Historical Timelines

Situational Mapping

Oral Histories

Focus Group Discussions

Village Transects/Walks

Vision Mapping

Community Surveys

Services and Opportunity Map…Services and Opportunity Map…

TIME LINE OF DROUGHTS AND NATURAL DISASTERS – INDIAN VILLAGETIME LINE OF DROUGHTS AND NATURAL DISASTERS – INDIAN VILLAGE

1916-17 - Drought1936 – Drought, school started in cowshed, cholera breakout1939 – Drought1956 – Drought, supply of rice from other states1960 – Primary school set up1962 – Land settlement1964 – Major pest attack1965 – Drought, milk and rice provided by government1972 – Drought, distribution of land deeds, construction of

road by panchayat1975-78 – Four years drought1980 – drought1988 – Installation of tube wells1994 – Construction of club house1996 - Drought

1916-17 - Drought1936 – Drought, school started in cowshed, cholera breakout1939 – Drought1956 – Drought, supply of rice from other states1960 – Primary school set up1962 – Land settlement1964 – Major pest attack1965 – Drought, milk and rice provided by government1972 – Drought, distribution of land deeds, construction of

road by panchayat1975-78 – Four years drought1980 – drought1988 – Installation of tube wells1994 – Construction of club house1996 - Drought

SERVICES AND OPPORTUNITY MAP…SERVICES AND OPPORTUNITY MAP…

Situational Trend Analysis

SITUATIONAL MAPPING…

Vision Mapping…

2. Tools for community problem analysis…

Calendaring *

Cause and Effect ToolsProblem Tree *

Pair-wise Ranking *

Triangulation! An important concept…

Labor mappingLabor mapping

Simple Pair-wise Ranking…

SEASONAL CALENDAR…SEASONAL CALENDAR…

Cause and Effect Analyses – The Problem Tree

Cause and Effect Analyses – The Problem Tree

Solution Identification Using the Problem Tree

3. Tools for community solution identification and prioritization…

Resource Mapping/Venn Diagrams *

Linking situational and vision maps…

Methods of decision/course of action choosing:* Ranking* Scoring* Weighting ** Voting

Methods of decision/course of action choosing:* Ranking* Scoring* Weighting ** Voting

WEIGHTING - 10 SEED METHOD…WEIGHTING - 10 SEED METHOD…

4. Tools for community planning and implementation…

Action Planning…Action Planning…

Community contracts/covenants…Community contracts/covenants…

Formalized Memorandums of Agreement or Understanding (MOAs/MOUs)

Formalized Memorandums of Agreement or Understanding (MOAs/MOUs)

Community PresentationCommunity Presentation

Launching CeremonyLaunching Ceremony

Appointment of overseer/ committee to head up project…

Appointment of overseer/ committee to head up project…

Gap Analysis• What was suppose to have been done?• What has actually been done?• What is the gap that needs to be closed?

5. Tools for community monitoring, evaluation and celebration…5. Tools for community monitoring, evaluation and celebration…

• Monitoring and evaluation plan

• Overseer of the plan/community committee

• Regularly scheduled community progress meetings

• Goals and Progress (GAP) analysis

Community celebration (as a CD worker join in, but remember that it is about what they have done)Community celebration (as a CD worker join in, but remember that it is about what they have done)

GAP ANALYSIS…

GOALS PROGRESS

1. Plan drawn up Done

NEEDED ACTIONTO BE TAKEN…NEEDED ACTIONTO BE TAKEN…

2. Present plan Done

3. Take plan to government

Not doneNeed to get technical design for approvalNeed to get technical design for approval

4. Get design In progress

5. Present plan to village

To do

Completed next weekCompleted next week

March 15 meetingMarch 15 meeting

A WORD ABOUT CD TOOLS…A WORD ABOUT CD TOOLS…

•They are tools to help get people participating…

* They are tools to help us understand together…

* They are not the main goal of community development…

Community Development - People working together accomplishing amazing things

Building…

Capabilities

Capacities

Confidence

Community

And…Christlikeness!

CD Process



and Celebration


Prioritization

Building

CapabilityBuilding

Confidence

Building

CommunityBuilding

Capacity




DEVELOPMENTAL MINISTRIES AND EVANGELISM/DISCIPLESHIP:

WHERE DO THE TWO MEET?

Four Foundational Human Relationships…(Needing restoring b/c of fall)1.Relationship with God2.Relationship with Others3.Relationship with Creation4.Relationship with Self

What is our ministry?...

Salvation? Good works?

2 Corinthians 5:18 – “All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation…”

Reconcile – “to make right relationships”…literally, “to change to the same position…” “Katallages” = restoration to favor…

Adapted from Corbett and Fikkert

Poverty of spirit

Poverty of Community

Poverty of stewardship

Poverty of being

Theology of Transformation…

Two NT words for the word “to form”…

“schema” = outside picture of inner working (schematic); Can literally mean, “to press into a mold; to fabricate.”

“morphoo” = inner change manifested in outward appearance (metamorphosis); Literally, “to become a new creation; to change from the inside-out.”

* How do we apply this to individuals? The community?

Romans 12:2 – “Do not conform (schema) = “to assume a certain form or figure…” - ACTIVE (Romans 8:29; 1 Peter 1:13-16)

“But be transformed (morphoo) = “to change or be transfigured” – PASSIVE (2 Corinthians 3:18; Philippians 3:20-21)

CASE STORY….

A Literacy Program as a Strategic Tool – Manobo B’lit

PRACTICAL MODELS – AGRICULTURE…

Animal systems

Seed/plant prop and horticulture…Home gardening for food…

Reforestation…

PRACTICAL MODELS – AGRICULTURE…

Cropping systems/food security…

Micro-Irrigation Projects…

The Four Horsemen of Mindanao –

Ministry to Cousins through CD

PRACTICAL MODELS….

PRACTICAL MODELS – HEALTH CARE…

Mobile clinics and services… Simple clinic and services…

Primary Health Care Education…

Literacy…

Village Pharmacies…

Ministry to disabled…

Health Care, Food Security and CPM –

The Kondh of India

CASE STORY….

PRACTICAL MODELS - WATER…

Wells, Springs, etc.

Rainwater harvesting systems…

Water Filtration/Purification Systems…

OTHERS MODELS – MED, MFI, ETC.

Livelihood skills and startup…

Small home marketing…Added value income project…

CASE STORY….

A Watershed Development Project and Kingdom Impact- Muslim Mindanao

FIVE WAYS IN WHICH WE INTEGRATE THE GOSPEL INTO OUR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS…

1. Intense and fervent prayer

2. Investigative research where God is at work in order to join Him on His agenda (e.g. finding the person of peace or influence…)

3. Incarnational living and sharing of the gospel

4. Incorporation of values education and moral lessons

5. Intentional witness and disciplemaking

TOOLS OF INTENTIONAL WITNESSING AND DISCIPLEMAKING…

1. Personal experiences and testimony…

2. Bible Storying…

Rev. 12:11

a. Chronological Storying…

b. Thematic Storying…

c. Situational Storying…

3. Others?....

Your Questions?

DEPENDENCY CHECK LIST – Please answer, “yes”, “no” or “maybe”

1. Are local Christian leaders generally opposed to this idea?

2. Does the outside support undermine or hinder the recipients’ capacity to make their own decisions and chart their own course?

3. Does the outside support limit the recipients’ ability to collaborate with other local Christian communities?

4. Does the outside support chip away at the recipients’ sense of selfhood and dignity as co-laborers in the work of the gospel?

DEPENDENCY CHECK LIST – (Cont.)

5. Does the proportion of outside support far exceed the level of support from within the region?

6. Does the recipient ministry show partiality in their stewardship of outside support? Do they favor certain ethnic groups, churches, or individuals?

7. Does the alliance implied by the outside support alienate Christians from their local community?

8. Does the recipient insist on sending money directly to an individual rather than to the overseeing body of a church or mission?

DEPENDENCY CHECK LIST – (Cont.)

9. Are the program and the money for the programs both from the outside? If the outside program were not in use, would the flow of outside money stop?

DO’S AND DON’TS FOR SHORT TERM MISSION TEAMS(Darrell Whiteman)

1. Do let local people determine your project.

2. Do undertake projects that are sustainable by local people.

3. Don’t create expectations that will burden future short-term mission teams in that place. Most problems of poverty and disease are long-standing and have no simple solutions, so it is better to do the little that the short-term mission can do without making promises about what will be accomplished.

4. Don’t do anything for others that they can do for themselves.

Spiritual

Development strategies for missions