The Catholic Reformation

The Counter-reformation

By: Mr. Joseph Gayares

CURRENT EVENTSCorona bought P14.5M condo unit, says witnessByMaila AgerINQUIRER.net3:52 pm | Thursday, January 19th, 2012

MANILA, PhilippinesA deed of absolute sale pertaining to a 303.5-square-meter condominium unit in Taguig City in the name of Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona and wife, Cristina, was presented by a witness during the impeachment trial on Thursday....The deed of sale, Barzaga said, covered one condominium unit with an area of 303.5 square meters and three parking slots with an area of 12.50 square meters each listed in separate condominium certificate of titles.For the record also, I would like to manifest that the selling price as indicated in this deed of absolute sale is P14,510,225, said Barzaga.And further, Id like to manifest that, in the SALN (statement of assets, liabilities and net worth) which was presented and identified, these Taguig properties were declared for the first time in the SALN of the respondent, Chief Justice Renato Corona, for the year 2010, Barzaga added.

Impeachmentis a formal process in which an official is accused of unlawful activity, the outcome of which, depending on the country, may include the removal of that official from office as well as other punishment.SALN- statement of assets ,liabilities and networth The governing law is Republic Act No. 6713, otherwise known as the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees. The SALN is the badge of honor of the honest civil servant that must be accomplished with pride. It shows that an employee did not exploit his or her public office for illegal gain. On the other hand, it is a prosecutorial tool against those who misuse their office in order to enrich themselves.

Brainstorm before you begin:The Protestant Reformation is sweeping across Central Europe, England, and even Scandinavia! You have been hired by the Pope to develop ideas that the Church can implement in order to stop believers from converting to these heretical faiths. What are your top 3 ideas? Hurry, you must act quickly, or Protestantism may overrun Europe!

The Counter Reformation 1530s-1648The Catholic Churchs Response to the Protestant Reformation

The Counter ReformationThe Church had two tactics:Reform the Church from Within

Council of TrentStop the Spread of Protestantism

Water Torture during the Inquisition

What does this sentence mean?

I recognize the Holy Catholic and Apostolic Roman Church as the Mother and Mistress of all churches; and I vow and swear true obedience to the Roman Pontiff. (Pope)

This is an excerpt from a statement that was written during the Council of Trent. The Council of Trent was a large meeting held by the Catholic Church to discuss the issue of Protestantism. Based on this excerpt, predict whether they made significant changes to their beliefs.

Reform Within the ChurchThe Council of Trent (1545-1563)Purpose: The Church held three meetings to discuss reform AND define dogma (official teachings)Some areas were actually reformedCalled for the education of priestsImproved discipline and administration among the clergyIndulgences got banned after the Council finished its meetingsBut many teachings were not changed, and were instead reinforced; the ideas of the Protestants were rejectedYou need faith AND good works to achieve salvation7 sacraments, not just 2Bible is written in Latin, not the vernacular languagePope is supreme leaderMan has free will (your fate is NOT predestined)

Reform Within the ChurchThe Council helped revitalize the Catholic Church, as did the creation of new Catholic groupsThese new religious orders were created to focus on performing charity and good worksThis reaffirmed the Catholic tradition that one needed more than just faith to be savedLived among the poor and sickStrengthened rural parishesEncouraged pious and simple living

Stopping the Spread of ProtestantismThe Church also tried to prove that it was still a powerful institution, just like it had been in the Middle AgesIt continued to stress its orthodox teachings during the Counter-Reformation, and was usually very intolerant of different ways of thinking.The Church also took measures to reassert its authority in the following ways:The JesuitsThe InquisitionThe Index of Prohibited Books

Stopping the Spread of ProtestantismThe Society of Jesus: The JesuitsA religious group founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540Promoted educationFamous for missionary workStrived to gain political influenceCountered the populist Protestant Reformation by working top-down andcounseling kings and princesAlso a bit fanatical in their devotion

What does this quote by Loyola mean? We should always be disposed to believe that that which appears white is really black, if the hierarchy of the Church so decides.

Stopping the Spread of ProtestantismIndex (List) of Banned BooksCreated in 1559 by the PopePurpose was to prevent heresy (make sure you know what this word means) and ensure books were morally correctBanned both Protestant literature and texts by some intellectuals, like ErasmusClick on this link to see the list: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/indexlibrorum.asp

Stopping the Spread of ProtestantismThe InquisitionWhy?General purpose was to discover heretics (mostly Jews and Muslims, but also Protestants), reinforce Catholic doctrine, and prove the power of the ChurchWhen? 1400s-1800sWhere? Mostly Spain and Italy Different variations took place across Europe, but it was most notorious in SpainIronic! (These places were strongholds of Catholicism)How?The accused were put on trial and were guilty until proven innocent Torture was used to elicitconfessions

Stopping the Spread of Protestantism

Auto-da-fe: Act of Faith, a public trial that was usually followed by torture or execution

Was the Counter-Reformation a success?The Church did not win back many of the lost souls that had converted to ProtestantismBut, it shed its reputation for corruption and it spread widely through missionary work

Europe in 1555

Based on the divisions on the preceding map, can you predict what will happen in Europe next?

Massive bloodshed and warfare as members of the different religions battle with each other.

Sourceshereswhatsleft.typepad.com/.../water_torture.png www.historyonthenet.com/.../queenm_copy.jpg http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0858834.htmlwww-personal.ksu.edu/.../00s-233sched1.htm Translated in Martin D.W. Jones, The Counter Reformation:Religion and Society in Early Modern Europe.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1995, p.70.]