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ART DURING THE ENLIGHTENMENT

Ancien regime iii

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Page 1: Ancien regime iii

ART DURING THE ENLIGHTENMENT

Page 2: Ancien regime iii

NEW STYLES

TWO NEW ARTISTIC STYLES DURING

THE

18th CENTURY

ROCOCO

NEOCLASSICISM

Page 3: Ancien regime iii

ROCOCO

• What is Rococo style?

The Rococo was a popular artistic style between the 1730s and 1760s. It reflected the aesthetic tastes of nobility, who wanted homes and decorations that represented the joy of life.

The swing, by Fragonard

Page 4: Ancien regime iii

ROCOCOARCHITECTURE

• Rococo interiors (inside the building)

• Irregular forms• Curves• A lot of decoration in ceilings

and walls inside the palaces.• A lot of furniture, courtains

and other luxury objects.• Seashells and floral elements.

• What is it? It is a room of the Hôtel de Soubise in Paris.

• Who did it? Germain Boffrand• Which is its approximate date? 1735-1740• How is it? There is a lot of decoration in

ceilings and walls. Arquitecture and furniture show irregular forms and a lot of curves. There are some luxury objects on some furniture.

• What information from the past does it give us? It reflects the aesthetic tastes of the nobility, who wanted homes and decorations that represented the joys of life. The nobility tried to resist changes that would reduce their dominance due to the ideas of Enlightenment.

• What was it used for? (function) The Hôtel de Soubise was a palace built for the Prince and Princess de Soubise in Paris.

Page 5: Ancien regime iii

ROCOCO IN SPAIN

• What is it? It is the Gasparini Salon in the Royal Palace in Madrid.

• Who did it? Gasparini• Which is its approximate date? 1735-1740• How is it? There is a lot of decoration in

ceilings and walls. Arquitecture and furniture show irregular forms and a lot of curves. There are a lot of luxury objects on some furniture.

• What information from the past does it give us? It reflects the aesthetic tastes of the nobility, who wanted homes and decorations that represented the joys of life. The nobility tried to resist changes that would reduce their dominance due to the ideas of Enlightenment.

• What was it used for? (function) Charles III used this room for both receiving guests and as a dressing room. 

Page 6: Ancien regime iii

ROCOCOSCULPTURE

• They were often small and represented joyful and mythological themes.

• What is it? It is Bouchardon´s Cupid.• Who did it? Bouchardon• Which is its approximately date? 1750• How is it? It is sculpted in marble and depicts a

mythological theme: Cupid, the Roman god of love.• What information from the past does it give us? It

reflects the aesthetic tastes of the nobility, who wanted decorations that represented the joys of life. The nobility tried to resist changes that would reduce their dominance due to the ideas of Enlightenment.

• What was it used for? (function) To decorate the nobility´s palaces with the representation of the joys of life.

Page 7: Ancien regime iii

ROCOCOPAINTING

• They used pastel colours.• They represented mythological

themes, rural festivals and domestic scenes.

• What is it? It is «Rinaldo and Armida»• Who did it? François Boucher• Which is its approximate date? 1734• How is it? It uses pastel colours and

represents a scene of a poem by an Italian poet, about the Christian Rinaldo being bewitched by the magician Armida.

• What information from the past does it give us? It reflects the aesthetic tastes of the nobility, who wanted decorations that represented the joys of life. The nobility tried to resist changes that would reduce their dominance due to the ideas of Enlightenment.

• What was it used for? (function) To decorate the nobility´s palaces with the representation of the joys of life.

Page 8: Ancien regime iii

NEOCLASSICISM

• What is Neoclassicism?

• It was an artistic style that was popular in Europe between the 1760s and 1830s.

• It imitated classical art and reflected the aesthetic tastes of Enlightenment thinkers and the middle class.

• They rejected the leisurely lifestyle of the nobility and Rococo´s excessive decoration.

• It reflected ideas of order and moral correctness.

Puerta de Alcalá, by Sabatini

Page 9: Ancien regime iii

NEOCLASSICISMARCHITECTURE

• Buildings were well-proportioned• They used classical elements:

o Rounded archeso Columnso Domes

• Straight lines were used.• They built balanced, simetrical and

solid buildings.

• What is it? It is the Pantheon in Paris.• Who did it? Soufflot.• Which is its approximately date? • How is it? It is a building made of stone. It

uses classical features, such as classical columns, corinthian capitals, pediments decorated with scuptures and a dome. Lines are straight and show a well-proportioned building.

• What information from the past does it give us? It reflects the aesthetic tastes of the Enlighenment thinkers and the middle class. It reflects the ideas of order and moral correctness.

• What was it used for? (function) First, it was thought to be a church. During the French Revolution, it became the mausoleum of great Frenchmen.

Page 10: Ancien regime iii

NEOCLASSICISM IN SPAIN

• What is it? The former Gabinete de Ciencias Naturales, which is now the Prado Museum in Madrid.

• Who did it? Villanueva.• Which is its approximately date?

1786• How is it? It is a building made of

stone. It uses classical features, such as classical columns, doric capitals, pediments decorated with scuptures and a dome. Lines are straight and show a well-proportioned building.

• What information from the past does it give us? It reflects the aesthetic tastes of the Enlighenment thinkers. It reflects the ideas of order and moral correctness.

• What was it used for? (function) It was built for the Gabinete de Ciencias Naturales in Spain.

Page 11: Ancien regime iii

NEOCLASSICISM

SCULPTURE

• They were made of marble• They represented mythological

themes or famous people.

• What is it? It is «Eros and Psique»• Who did it? Canovas• Which is its approximately date? 1793• How is it? It is made of marble. It represents

the mythological scene of Eros and Psique.• What information from the past does it give

us? It reflects the aesthetic tastes of the Enlighenment thinkers and the middle class. It reflects the ideas of order and moral correctness.

• What was it used for? (function) It was a new interpretation of the classical sculpture.

Page 12: Ancien regime iii

NEOCLASSICISM IN SPAIN

• What is it? The Cibeles Fountain, in the Plaza de Cibeles, Madrid.

• Who did it? Ventura Rodríguez.• Which is its approximately date?

1782• How is it? It is sculpted in marble

and depicts a mythological theme: a chariot pulled by lions driven by Ceres, the Roman goddess of fertility.

• What information from the past does it give us? It reflects the aesthetic tastes of the Enlighenment thinkers. It reflects the ideas of order and moral correctness. • What was it used for? (function) It was a new

interpretation of the classical sculpture. It was used to beautify that square of Madrid, following the orders of Carlos III, who wanted to remodel the city.

Page 13: Ancien regime iii

NEOCLASSICISM

PAINTING

• People are painted like statues.• The themes were frequently

mythological or historical, with idealised images of famous people.

• What is it? It is «El juramento de los Horacios»

• Who did it? Jacques-Louis David• Which is its approximately date? 1784• How is it? Figures are painted as if they were

statues. It represents the Roman greeting.

• What information from the past does it give us? It reflects the aesthetic tastes of the Enlighenment thinkers and the middle class. It reflects the ideas of order and moral correctness.

• What was it used for? (function) It was a new interpretation of the classical themes.

Page 14: Ancien regime iii

• Elaborated by Prof. Mª Isabel Aguña Aguerri Social Science bilingual teacher