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As the year 1700 approached we see a decrease in
English immigration and indentured servants
In order to counteract the slowing English immigration planters turned to African Slaves Slavery had been in place both in African and Europe
for Millennia
Prices of slaves also began to justify their purchase over indentured servants
Legal changes also, most importantly the ending of the Monopoly of the Royal African Company, pushed this change
Rise of Slavery
The Puritans
The Puritans were not a united group initially but instead reform minded Englishman In England Church and State
were united in the Church of England
Puritans were focused on pushing the church back to a “Simpler” Focus
Puritans came from all ranks of society but most belonged to the “Middle Class”
At the beginning of the 17th
century the Puritans began to see their options in England dwindle and turned to the New World
The Puritans moving into the New World
The First attempt to colonize the new world by the Puritan followers was in Maine in 1607 but it was unsuccessful
To get away from the issues of England some Puritans moved to the Netherlands and other areas in Europe
John Smith began to push for settlement in what would become New England as early as 1614 AD
The First push for settlement was by 102 separatists who boarded the Mayflower and landed at Plymouth in 1620 AD
In 1629/1630 developments in England began to push
Puritans/Seperatists out of the country
These settlers were led by John Winthrop who eventually gained the royal charter as the Massachusetts Bay Company
Colony was a republic
First founded the city of Boston
After one year the colony began to prosper quicker than the Chesapeake
The combination of both the religious and political goals of the Puritans led them to develop the concept of the “City on a Hill”
Because of the prosperity the colonies began to expand to the north forming new cities and towns
The Great Migration
Towns were founded through land grants from the
Colony to men who acted as a corporate group Colonies only defined boundaries not how land was
distributed
Farming was the main goal of each colonist but to smaller profits than in the south
Expansion was not only political but also religious more so than any other region
This expansion for New England was typically at the expense of Native American tribes
Expansion
Due to the location of New England there were a number of
major differences with the Chesapeake Main labor source was family Farms were modest in size and diverse Social hierarchy was not as drastic Towns offered a variety of social/cultural/religious
opportunities New Englanders were healthier
Religion also played a major part in the life of New Englanders There were typically more clergymen in New England than
any other region Early focus was on excluding people outside of the Puritan
faith from the region
Life in New England
Life Cont.
Other than Farming small industry and fishing dominated commerce in the early Colonial period These industries were
initially shunned by the Puritans but eventually others expanded
Due to this expansion non-puritan dominated seaports along the coast
By the end of the 17th century New England had become a major economic region in the Empire
Due to their growing economic importance New England came under attack by the Crown
The New England colonies had a problematic relationship
with the local natives The native Americans came to rely on the consumer goods
of European states
Europeans took advantage of weakened disconnected native peoples
During the 1620’s and 30’s we see Colonists set up “Praying Towns” near traditional home areas
First major conflict was the Pequot War in 1636 and ended with a slaughter of the Pequot Set the stage for problematic relations with other Native
groups
Relations with Native Americans
King Phillip’s War
In the 1675 the colonists pushed a Wampanoag Chief Metacom, aka King Phillip, to the edge The New English provoked
Metacom by capturing and executing three Wampanoag warriors
Wampanoag’s began to target isolated colonial homestead and outposts using Pequot’s War as an example
The Wampanoag also took advantage of the Flintlocks they had acquired
The New English lacked the ability fight Metacom’s men without other native groups
King Phillip Cont.
The New English reached out to the Pequot, Mohegan, and Praying town Natives for help
During the spring and Summer of 1676 the allies helped turn the tide of the war The New English abandoned
traditional European military tactics for Native tactics
The Manpanoag’s also began to run out of supplies during this time and suffered
As a result the Native resistance fell apart especially when Metacomwas killed in August
The war devastated both the New English as well as the Natives and the New English punished the Natives for their losses