CHAPTER 11The First Global Civilization:The Rise and Spread of Islam

World Civilizations: The Global ExperienceFifth Edition

Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

Chapter 11: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian WorldII. The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of IslamIII. The Arab Empire of the UmayyadsIV. From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era

Chapter 11: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World

Bedouins

Camel herding

Agriculture

A. Clan Identity, Clan Rivalries, and the Cycle of VengeanceClans

Grouped into tribesShayksFree warriorsRivalry

B. Towns and Long-Distance TradeEntrepots

Mecca Umayyad clan, Quraysh tribe Ka’ba

Medina

Arabia and Surrounding Area Before and During the Time of Muhammad

Chapter 11: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World

B. Marriage and Family in Pre-Islamic ArabiaWomen have important roles

Polygyny, polyandry

C. Poet and Neglected GodsAnimism, polytheism

Including Allah

Arabia and Surrounding Area Before and During the Time of Muhammad

Chapter 11: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of IslamBanu Hasim clanOrphanedMecca

KhadijahRevelations, 610

via Gabriel

Persecution, Flight, and VictoryKa’ba gods threatenedInvited to Medina, 622 HijraReturn to Mecca, 629

Arabs and IslamUmma

Universal Elements in Islam5 Pillars

Acceptance of Islam

PrayerFasting during RamadanPayment of zakatHajj The Expansion of the Islamic Empire During the 7th and

8th Centuries

Chapter 11: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The Arab Empire of the UmayyadsDeath, 632Succession struggle

Consolidation and Division in the Islamic CommunityAbu Bakr

Ridda Wars

Motives for Arab ConquestConversionsBooty

Weaknesses of the Adversary EmpiresSassanian Empire Zoroastrianism Dynasty ended, 651

Byzantium

The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a SplitUthman 3rd caliph Murdered

Ali Rejected by Umayyads Siffin, 657 Loses suppor Assassinated, 661 Son, Hasan, renounces caliphate Son, Husayn Killed, Karbala, 680

Sunni – UmayyadsShi’a – Ali’s descendants

Mu’awiya

Caliph, 660

The Umayyad ImperiumPush west Stopped at Poitiers, 732 Retain Iberia

Converts and “People of the Book”Malawi, converts

Dhimmi, people of the book Jews, Christians

Later, Zoroastrians and Hindus

Family and Gender Roles in the Umayyad AgeIslamic ideas prevail at first

Umayyad Decline and FallRevolts

Merv Abassid revolt

750, Umayyads defeated by Abassids

Chapter 11: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid EraSunni rule

repress Shi’a

Baghdad

New capital

Islamic Conversion and Mawali Acceptance

Town and Country: Commercial Boom and Agrarian Expansion

Urban expansionAyan

The First Flowering of Islamic Learning

Building

Mosques, palaces