GOAL: IDENTIFY STRATEGIES USED TO BRING ATTENTION TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.

The Civil Rights Movement

Bell Ringer

How did each amendment change the lives of African-Americans in the US?

13th

14th

15th

Plessy v. Ferguson

Established “separate but equal”

What are some examples of services that this rule applied to?

Brown v. Board

Linda Brown sues Topeka KS school district. Said that going to segregated

school made her feel inferior

Supreme Court rules Separate but Equal unconstitutional. Segregation must end “with all

deliberate speed”

Brown v. Board Reactions

Many African Americans rejoiced

Most whites accepting of decision

Segregationalists vow to disobey decision

Little Rock

Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus says that he can not keep order under integration. Orders National Guard to turn 9 black students away

Eisenhower sends in US troops to escort students.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man.

Boycott organized by MLK

Supreme Court rules that bus segregation unconstitutional.

Birmingham

Birmingham most segregated city in America 40% Black population

Eugene “Bull” Connor in charge of Birmingham police Dogs Fire Hoses Cattle Prods

Birmingham

MLK and 900 others arrested Most under the age of 30

TV broadcasts showed the nation how protestors were treated

Birmingham integrates all facilities

MLK and Non-Violence

Born 1929 in Atlanta, GA

Baptist Minister

MLK helps to found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Organized non-violent protests in the

south

Assassinated in 1968

MLK Clip

1. Where is the speech taking place at?

2. Who is the audience?

3. Why does King focus on Alabama?

4. Why is the Civil Rights movement important to America’s image during the Cold War?

Malcolm X and Black NationalismFollowed Nation of Islam

Believed in a separate African American identity

Opposed integration

“By any means necessary”

Killed in NYC

MLK and Malcolm X

How did MLK and Malcolm X differ in their views on religion?

How did the two differ on integration?

How did they differ on the methods they were willing to use to achieve equal rights?

In your opinion, why do these differences exist?

Civil Rights Groups

NAACP Worked to end segregation through legal battles

CORE Congress of Racial Equality Organized confrontations with Segregationalists

SNCC Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee Organized students against segregation

Sit Ins

Lunch counters segregated

Black and white students joined to occupy white lunch counters across the South

Sit ins often met with violence

Freedom Rides

1960 Supreme Court calls for integration of all interstate buses

CORE and SNCC send riders to test the Southern States

Buses attacked and riders beaten Government Agents and

Reporters harmed in attack

Review Questions1. Why was the ruling of Brown v. Board

important to the Civil Rights Movement?

2. How did Eisenhower force integration in Little Rock Arkansas?

3. What event lead to the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

4. How did the beliefs and methods Malcolm X and MLK differ?

5. What were two methods of protests used to bring attention to the Civil Rights Movement?

Bell Ringer

1. How did the methods of Malcolm X differ from those of MLK?

2. List two forms of peaceful protest as discussed in class yesterday.

Political ActionTruman

Integrated military Fought for anti-lynching laws

Democrats split Southern Democrats create new party known as

“Dixiecrats” led by Sen. Strom Thurmond of SC

Eisenhower

Civil Rights Act of 1957: Aimed at increasing voting among African Americans Strom Thurmond longest

filibuster in US history

Operation Wetback Deported hundreds of

Latinos to Mexico

Kennedy

Appoints Thurgood Marshall First African American Supreme

Court Justice

Signed equal housing bills into law

Never actually proposed any real legislation until 1963

Johnson

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Passed to “honor” JFK “We’ve lost the South for a generation”

Banned the use of race based voting standardsProhibited discrimination in public servicesWithheld federal funds from any program that

practiced discrimination

Fighting to Vote: SelmaAfrican American voters

in Selma, AL arrested while waiting in line

King organizes march from Selma to the capitol of Montgomery 3,200 People show up

Johnson sends in troops to protect the march from local police

Fighting to Vote

Freedom Summer Students and volunteers spend the summer of 1964

registering African Americans in the South Only 20% of African Americans registered to vote

Johnson

24th Amendment Outlawed poll taxes

Voting Rights Act of 1965 Put elections in the hands of

federal employees

Nixon’s Southern Strategy

Worked for integration “Racism is America’s greatest

failure”

Focused on white voters Only needed 10% of black vote to

win

Emphasized states’ and gun rights

Types of Segregation

De Jure Segregation: Segregation by law Outlawed completely in 1964

De facto Segregation: As a matter of fact Does it still exist? De facto

Violence in the Movement

Black Panthers: Militant political group focused on uniting the black community. Fought police brutality and

financial oppression

Watts Riot Racial issues spark riots in

Los Angeles

Women’s Liberation

Betty Friedan writes the Feminine Mystic

Talks about the plight of the housewife

Women begin to question their role in society

Review

1. For each president, write one sentence explaining how they impacted the Civil Rights movement.

TrumanEisenhowerJFKLBJNixon

2. How are de facto and de jure segregation different?