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MAJOR PRESENTATIONSoftwares

Prepared by:

Ahmad MadniUsman ul haqHaseeb ullah

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Computer software

Organized information in the form of operating systems, utilities, programs, and applications that enable computers to work.

Software consists of carefully-organized instructions and code written by programmers in any of various special computer languages. Software is divided commonly into two main categories

(i)Application software(ii) System software

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Computer software

Systems software Set of programs that coordinates activities and

functions of the hardware and various other programsApplication software

Programs that help users solve particular computing problems

4Application software

Application software is a program or group of programs designed for end users.

Application software

can also be stored on

CDs, DVDs, and flash or

keychain storage devices

In most cases, application software resides on the computer’s hard disk

Application Software5

Primary function is to apply the power of the computer to give individuals, workgroups, and the entire enterprise the ability to solve problems and perform specific tasks

Application programs interact with systems software; systems software then directs computer hardware to perform the necessary tasks

Overview of Application Software6

Proprietary software: one-of-a-kind program for a specific application, usually developed and owned by a single company

Off-the-shelf software: existing software program that is purchased

Overview of Application Software (continued)

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Types of Application Software

Overview of Application Software (continued)

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A Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software

Overview of Application Software (continued)

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A Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software (continued)

Personal Application Software10

Serves the needs of an individual userIncludes personal productivity software

Enables users to improve their personal effectiveness

Personal Application Software (continued)

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Examples of Personal Productivity Software

Personal Application Software (continued)

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Examples of Personal Productivity Software (continued)

Personal Application Software (continued)

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Software suite: collection of single application programs packaged in a bundle Microsoft Office: most popular general-purpose

software suite Other general-purpose software suites: Corel’s

WordPerfect Office, Lotus SmartSuite, Sun Microsystems’s StarOffice

Integrated application packages: offer a range of capabilities for less money than software suites Example: Microsoft Works

Personal Application Software (continued)

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Major Components of Leading Software Suites

Workgroup Application Software15

Workgroup application software: support teamwork, whether people are in the same location or dispersed around the world

Groupware: software that helps groups of people work together more efficiently and effectively

Workgroup Application Software (continued)

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Ernst & Young’s “Three Cs” Rule for Groupware

Enterprise Application Software17

Software that benefits an entire organizationEnterprise resource planning (ERP)

software: set of integrated programs that manage a company’s vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization

Enterprise Application Software (continued)

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Examples of Enterprise Application Software

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Role of Systems Software

System software… Is an interface or buffer between application software

and hardware Controls the computer hardware and acts as an

interface with applications programs

Schematic

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Users

Applicationsoftware

Operatingandsystemssoftware

Hardware

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Operating System Functions

Perform common computer hardware functions Provide a user interface Provide a degree of hardware independence Manage system memory Manage processing tasks Provide networking capability Control access to system resources Manage files

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User Interface

User interface A function of the operating system that allows individuals

to access and command the computerCommand-based user interface

A particular user interface that requires text commands be given to the computer to perform basic activities

E.g., unix, DOSGraphical user interface (GUI)

A user interface that uses pictures (icons) and menus displayed on the screen to send commands to the computer system

E.g. Windows, MAC OS

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Systems Software Concepts

Hardware independence Operating system (OS) provides hardware

independence for application software Application software interfaces with the operating

system which interfaces with the hardware When the hardware is changed, the operating system

is changed so that the application software is not required to be changed

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Software Concepts

Memory managementVirtual memory & pagingMultitaskingMultithreadingTimesharing

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Memory Management

Memory management… Controls how memory is accessed and maximizes

available memory and storage

Schematic

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What is the price of TIBA35 (TIBA35$)

Fetch TIBA35$ from hard disk, track 1, sector 7

Application Software

OS

TIBA35$

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Software Concepts

Memory managementVirtual memory & pagingMultitaskingMultithreadingTimesharing

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Virtual Memory & Paging

Virtual memory Memory that allocates space in secondary storage to

supplement the immediate, functional memory capacity of RAM

Paging A function of virtual memory allowing the computer to

store currently needed pages in RAM while the rest of the pages wait in secondary storage

Schematic

Programs and other software

Program 1 (a few pages)

Program 2 (a few pages)

Program 3 (a few pages)

Program 4 (a few pages)

Program 5 (a few pages)

Program 6 (a few pages)

Other memory requirements

Operating system and system software

Memory Disk29

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Virtual Memory ‘Discussion’ (1)

An imaginary memory area supported by some operating systems (for example, Windows but not DOS) in conjunction with the hardware.

You can think of virtual memory as an alternate set of memory addresses.

Programs use these virtual addresses rather than real addresses to store instructions and data.

When the program is actually executed, the virtual addresses are converted into real memory addresses.

The purpose of virtual memory is to enlarge the address space, the set of addresses a program can utilize.

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Software Concepts

Memory managementVirtual memory & pagingMultitaskingMultithreadingTime-sharing

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Multitasking, Multithreading, Time-sharing

Multitasking A processing activity that allows a user to run

more than one application at the same timeMultithreading

A processing activity that is basically multitasking within a single application

Time-sharing A processing activity that allows more than one

person to use a computer system at the same time

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