{{Android Android - 101- 101

Presentation by:

Swapnil DeyWeb & Android Developer

Contents:Contents:

• Google Search Engine• Android OS• Android Architecture• Versions of Android• Future of Android• Introduction to SDK & IDE

Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California.While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites. They called this new technology PageRank; it determined a website's relevance by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site.Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site. Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word "googol", the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information. The domain name for Google was registered on September 15, 1997, and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998.

And the GOOGLINESS began!

Android OS - OriginAndroid OS - Origin• Android was Founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy

Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White who work at GOOGLE. In Rubin’s words “….smarter mobile devices that are more aware of it’s owners location and preferences.”

• Android was bought by Google in 2005• On the 5th of the November 2007, the Open Handset Alliance (OHA), a

consortium of several companies (Google, HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics & others) was unveiled with the goal to develop open standards for mobile devices.

HardwareHardwareAndroid is not a single piece of hardware; it’s a complete, end-to-end software platform that can be adapted to work on any number of hardware configurations. Everything is there, from the Boot Loader to the Applications.

However, we need some Hardware to run Android OS on our device and it varies from version to version:•Camera: Rear, Front (Optional)•Optional Sensors: Ambient Temperature, Light, Pressure, Relative Humidity, Temperature•Accelerometer•Gravity•Gyroscope•Linear Acceleration•Magnetic Field•Orientation•Proximity (Optional)

Operating SystemOperating System• Android OS uses Linux for it’s device drivers, memory management,

process management and networking.• The next level up contains the Android native libraries. They are all

written in C/C++ internally, but you’ll be calling them through Java Interfaces. Though, for the past few months Google has been distributing SDK (Software Development Kit) as well as NDK (Native Development Kit).

• In this layer, you can find the Surface Manager, 2D and 3D graphics, Media Codecs, the SQL Database (SQLite) and a Native Web Browser engine (WebKit).

• All android applications are Java programs or bundles and need a JVM (Java Virtual Machine) to run them. Dalvik Virtual Machine

is used by Android OS to run the applications.• Dalvik was slow and had loads of glitches so, Google pushed an updated JVM called Android Run Time (ART) in the Kitkat version of Android OS.

Network ConnectivityNetwork ConnectivityIt supports Wireless Communication using:•GSM Mobile Technology•2G / 3G•4G LTE•802.11 Wi-Fi Networks

SecuritySecurity• Android is a multi-process system, in which each application (and

parts of the system) runs in its own process.• Most security between applications and the system is enforced at the

process level through standard Linux facilities, such as user and Group IDs that are assigned to applications.

• Additional finer-grained security features are provided through a “permission” mechanism that enforces restrictions on the specific operations that a particular process can perform, and per-URI permissions for granting ad-hoc access to specific pieces of data.

Android ArchitectureAndroid Architecture

Understanding Android Architecture is crucial to App Development and Designing. This gives us an idea about how the Android OS is stacked. How the Applications runs. How the User views and interacts with our Application.

Android 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, Android 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, 2.32.3

Cupcake Donut Froyo

EclairGingerBread

Android 4.0, 4.1 – 4.3, Android 4.0, 4.1 – 4.3, 4.44.4

Jelly BeanIce-cream Sandwich

KitKat

Android WearAndroid Wear

Android AutoAndroid Auto

Android TVAndroid TV

Software Development Software Development KitKit• Development Requirements:

• Java• Android SDK• Eclipse IDE• Android Studio (Coming Soon)

• Programming Languages• Java – Officially Supported• XML – Designing• C/C++ - Coming soon with NDK

Hello World Hello World ApplicationApplication

Android Developer Android Developer ToolsTools

WorkSpaceWorkSpace

Components of IDEComponents of IDE

New Android ProjectNew Android Project

Android App DetailsAndroid App Details

Project PropertiesProject Properties

Launcher IconLauncher Icon

Launcher Icon – Clip Launcher Icon – Clip ArtArt

Creating ActivityCreating Activity

Configuring Main Configuring Main ActivityActivity

Activity LayoutActivity Layout

Java ActivityJava Activity

Android ManifestAndroid Manifest

Thank you!Thank you!