Implementation of isp mpls backbone network on i pv6 using 6 pe routers main PPT

DRK INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

IMPLEMENTATION OF ISP MPLS BACKBONE NETWORK ON IPV6 USING 6PE ROUTERS

Project- Seminar

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

B. Satish Kumar 10N71A0405C. Pavan 10N71A0410K. Sai Kiran 10N71A0429

Date: 22/03/2014

Project- SeminarDate: 22/03/2014

DRK INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYDepartment of Electronics & Communication Engineering


INDEX

•ABSTRACT

•What is an IP Address

•Where do IP addresses come from?

•IPv4 Address classes




• IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is a revision of the Internet Protocol (IP) developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). IPv6 is intended to succeed IPv4.

• IPv6 implements a new addressing system that allows for far more addresses to be assigned than with Ipv4.

• Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is deployed by many service providers for establishing their backbone networks.

• The Cisco implementation of IPv6 provider edge router over MPLS is called 6PE,and it enables IPv6 sites to communicate with each other over an MPLS IPv4 core network using MPLS label switched paths.

ABSTRACT







What is an IP address?

• Each host on a TCP/IP network is uniquely identified at the IP layer with an address.

• An Internet Protocol (IP) address specifies the location of a host or client on the Internet.

• Responsible for end to end transmission

• The IPv4 address is 32 bits long

• The IPv6 address is 128 bit long




Where do IP addresses come from?

Standards

Allocation

Allocation

Assignment

Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) distribute IPv4, IPv6, and AS numbersto the Internet community

USER




VERSIONS OF IP

IPV1 To IPV3 – Were Not Formally Assigned

IPV4 – TCP/IP – 32 Bit IP Address, Currently Used

IPV5 – A Connection Oriented Internet Level Protocol

IPV6 – Designed To Replace IPV4 – 128 Bit IP Address

Failure

Currently Using

Failure

Success

Journey Of IP:




IPv4 Address classes

NClass-A:

N NClass-B:

N N NClass-C:

Class-D: For Multicast

Class-E: For Research

There are five classes of addresses A, B, C, D & E.

A, B & C classes are used to represent host and network address.

Class D is a special type of address used for multicasting.

Class E is reserved for experimental use.

H H H

H H

H

•N=Network number assigned by IANA•H=Host number assigned by network administrator.




CLASS- C Address

In decimal the address range is 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

The IP address is of the form <Network-ID,Host-ID>

Network Host

32 Bits

8 Bits8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits

172 . 16 . 122 . 204

HN N H




01

0

127

00000000

01111111

A-50%

1

0

128

191

10000000

10111111

B-25%

0

1

192

223

11000000

11011111

C-12.5%

240 25

511110000

11111111

E-6.25%

0224

239

11100000 1110111

1

D-6.25%

0

1

100%

ADDRESS SPACE UTILISATION




NETWORKS VS HOSTS

• In Classless environment we can haveIn Classless environment we can have

• 223232=4294967296 Hosts=4294967296 Hosts

• ClassClass NetworksNetworks Hosts/Network Hosts/Network

• AA 126126 1677721416777214

• BB 1638416384 6553465534

• CC 20971522097152 254254




Routing and Routing Protocols

The three methods by which a router can add IP routes to its routing table are:

1. Static routes – Adding a route due to the engineer adding an ip route command to the router’s configuration.

2. Dynamic routing protocols – Adding routes using routing protocols, which cause routers to dynamically exchange routing information with other routers.




ROUTER BASICS

Basic Concepts

The router decides where to forward the packet base on the routing table.

To route packets, routers must have routes in their IP routing tables.

Each entry in a router’s IP routing table has important information, including the

following vital information:

1. The destination subnet (subnet number and subnet mask.

2. Directions that tell the router to what other router or host to send the packet

next (outgoing interface and next-hop router).




IPV4

• Uses 32-bit IP address. • Allows for about 4.2 billion IP addresses.

• IPv4 packet header is made up of 20 bytes.

• Dotted decimal notation.

• It consists of network address and host address.

IPv4

0 15 16

vers hlen TOS total length

identification flags flag-offset

TTL protocol header checksum

source address

destination address

options and padding

20bytes




IPV6

40bytes

vers traffic class flow-label

payload length next header hop limit

source address

destination address

IPv6 is Based on IPv4 Initiated in 1994• It is 128 Bits• 2128 =3.4 X 1038

• Header is made up of 40 bytes•Uses 128-bit IP address •Allows for 3.4 x 1038 IP addresses•Each Person Gets 5.5 X 1028 IP’s

No option field: Replaced by extension header. Result in a fixed length, 40-byte IP header.

No header checksum: Result in fast processing.

No fragmentation at intermediate nodes: Result in fast IP forwarding.




1. Addressing problem

2. Routing Crisis

3. End to End problem

4. Security

5. Mobility

6. Performance

Problems of IPv4 & Why IPv6




• Larger address space

• Global reachability

• Auto-configuration

• Efficient Routing

• Easy Mobility

• Better security

IPv6 Features




Why IPv6?

• Shortage of IPv4 addresses

• Internet is expanding very rapidly in developing countries like India, China.

• Heavy demand for IP addresses

• End-to-End Reachability is not possible without IPv6

• New Features like Autoconfiguration, better support for QoS, and Security, Route Aggregation




SUBNETTING

Dividing the network into different networks is called subnetting.

Moving of host bits into network bits ,these bits are called subnets

Subnetting is of two types:FLSM: Fixed Length Subnet Masking VLSM: Variable Length Subnet Masking

Subnetting can be based on :•Required no of Networks .•Required no of Hosts .




IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack

Networks - Tunneling

Gateway - IPv4/IPv6 Translation

DRIVER

APPLICATION

TCP/UDP

IPv4 IPv6

IPv4 IPv6

IPv6 Network

IPv4IPv6 Network

Tunnel

IPv4 Network

IPv6 Network

Translator

Migration Options




OSPF

Features of OSPF:

Neighbor Database: Initial table displaying neighbors learned through Hello packets.

Link State Database: Similar in all routers. Formed after each router floods its neighbor database.

Routing table: Each router builds this table by using SPF technology. It gives the shortest path to all the routers in the AS.




OSPF

Features of OSPF:

1. The OSPF protocol is a link state Protocol that handles routing for IP traffic.

2. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) uses the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm, to provide a loop-free topology.

3. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) provides fast convergence with triggered, incremental updates via Link State Advertisements (LSAs).

4. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a classless protocol and allows for a hierarchical design with VLSM and route summarization.

5. The two important concepts in case of OSPF are Autonomous Systems and Areas.




MPLS

• End-to-End protection

• “MPLS stands for "Multiprotocol Label Switching".

• Incoming packets are assigned a "label" by a "label edge router (LER)".

• Packets are forwarded along a "label switch path (LSP)“

• Label switch router (LSR)" makes forwarding decisions on the contents of the label.

•Enable explicit routing in IP networks

•Can be used for traffic management, QoS routing

•Enable fast restoration from failures.

•A packet may carry multiple labels, organized as a last-in-first-out stack

•Simplify packet forwarding based on a fixed length label




• Multi Protocol Label Switching is arranged between Layer 2 and Layer 3

MPLS L3

HeaderL2

HeaderDATA

L4Header




•Improves the possibilities for traffic engineering

•Supports the delivery of services with QoS guarantees

•Avoids need for coordination of IP and ATM address allocation and

routing information

•The performance characteristics of layer 2 networks

•The connectivity and network services of layer 3 networks

•Improves the price/performance of network layer routing

•Improved scalability

MPLS ADVANTAGES




CE

CE

CE

CE

PE PEP

P P

P

MPLS Cloud Model







ANY QUERIES




THANK YOU

Software

Implementation of isp mpls backbone network on i pv6 using 6 pe routers main PPT