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FreeloadersareEssentialandOtherOpenSourceProduct
TruthsStephenR.Walli@stephenrwalli
CommunityWe’veknownhowcommunitiesworksinceyouhadacampfireandIwantedtositbesideit
Wearesocialanimals;community iswhatwedo
Courtesyishowwesurviveoneanotherandfeelsafeinstrangecommunities
There’snothing newhere
1950 1960 1970 200019901980 2010
CodesharingAtPrincetonIASinlate1940s
IBM“SHARE”Conf &LibraryBegins1953
DECUSConf &LibraryBegins1962
MITProjectAthenaBegins
1983
1BSDReleased1977
AT&TSharesFirstUNIX tapes
early-70s
FreeSoftwareFoundation
Launches 1985
DoJ vs IBMbegins“Software BundlingisAnti-competitive”
1969IBMresponseistounbundleHW,SW,&
services pricing
1st DoJ vs IBMConsentDecree
“Hardware BundlingisAnti-competitive”
1956
OpenSourceDefinition1997
USENIX Begins1975
LinusReleasesLinux1991
ApachehttpdReleased 1995
ApacheSoftwareFoundation1999
OSDLForms2000
OSDLRe-formsasLinuxFoundation
2007
U.S.CongressAddsComputerSoftware toCopyrightLaw
1980
GCC1987
emacs1975
We’vesharedsoftwaresincewe’vewrittensoftware
1950 1960 1970 200019901980 2010
CodesharingAtPrincetonIASinlate1940s
IBM“SHARE”Conf &LibraryBegins1953
DECUSConf &LibraryBegins1962
MITProjectAthenaBegins
1983
1BSDReleased1977
AT&TSharesFirstUNIX tapes
early-70s
FreeSoftwareFoundation
Launches 1985
DoJ vs IBMbegins“Software BundlingisAnti-competitive”
1969IBMresponseistounbundleHW,SW,&
services pricing
1st DoJ vs IBMConsentDecree
“Hardware BundlingisAnti-competitive”
1956
OpenSourceDefinition1997
USENIX Begins1975
LinusReleasesLinux1991
ApachehttpdReleased 1995
ApacheSoftwareFoundation1999
OSDLForms2000
OSDLRe-formsasLinuxFoundation
2007
U.S.CongressAddsComputerSoftware toCopyrightLaw
1980
GCC1987
emacs1975
We’vesharedsoftwaresincewe’vewrittensoftwareWritinggoodsoftwareishardwork
1950 1960 1970 200019901980 2010
CodesharingAtPrincetonIASinlate1940s
IBM“SHARE”Conf &LibraryBegins1953
DECUSConf &LibraryBegins1962
MIT ProjectAthenaBegins
1983
1BSDReleased1977
AT&TSharesFirstUNIX tapes
early-70s
FreeSoftwareFoundation
Launches 1985
DoJ vs IBMbegins“Software BundlingisAnti-competitive”
1969IBMresponseistounbundleHW,SW,&
services pricing
1st DoJ vs IBMConsentDecree
“Hardware BundlingisAnti-competitive”
1956
OpenSourceDefinition1997
USENIX Begins1975
LinusReleasesLinux1991
ApachehttpdReleased 1995
ApacheSoftwareFoundation1999
OSDLForms2000
OSDLRe-formsasLinuxFoundation
2007
U.S. CongressAddsComputerSoftwaretoCopyrightLaw
1980
GCC1987
emacs1975
CompaniessharedsoftwarebeforewehadtheOSD
DECUltrix1984
SunOS1983
OSF/11992
RedHat1993
1950 1960 1970 200019901980 2010
CodesharingAtPrincetonIASinlate1940s
IBM“SHARE”Conf &LibraryBegins1953
DECUSConf &LibraryBegins1962
MIT ProjectAthenaBegins
1983
1BSDReleased1977
AT&TSharesFirstUNIX tapes
early-70s
FreeSoftwareFoundation
Launches 1985
DoJ vs IBMbegins“Software BundlingisAnti-competitive”
1969IBMresponseistounbundleHW,SW,&
services pricing
1st DoJ vs IBMConsentDecree
“Hardware BundlingisAnti-competitive”
1956
OpenSourceDefinition1997
USENIX Begins1975
LinusReleasesLinux1991
ApachehttpdReleased 1995
ApacheSoftwareFoundation1999
OSDLForms2000
OSDLRe-formsasLinuxFoundation
2007
U.S. CongressAddsComputerSoftwaretoCopyrightLaw
1980
GCC1987
emacs1975
CompaniessharedsoftwarebeforewehadtheOSD(Writinggoodsoftwareishardwork)
DECUltrix1984
SunOS1983
OSF/11992
RedHat1993
EngineeringEconomicsofF/OSS(Benefits)
• In1995,Interixwasthekernel-integrated“UNIX”faceofWindowsNT• ~300packagescoveredby~25licenses+MicrosoftPOSIXsubsystemderivative+Softway developedsoftware• gcc providedcriticalsupportforInterixToolchain&SDK(~750KLoC*)• Ported/Integrated/TestedtoInterixin~6-8monthsbyaseniorcompilerengineerinsteadof~US$10M-20M*cost-to-develop• Butnowwe’relivingonafork…
*EstimatesfromBlackDuckOpenHub
EngineeringEconomicsofF/OSS(Costs)
• CostofInterixgcc forkis~6monthsofaseniorengineer’stime(~US$50K+)• IfInterixchangesareupstream,weestimate2-4weeksofintegration/testingonnewgcc releases(~US$7-10K)• Buttherearereallyfive gcc projectstonegotiate…• CygnusSolutionsarecorecommittersongcc:quoted~US$120Kandtheycouldstartin14months• AdaCoreTechnologyALSOhadcorecommitters:US$40K&immediatestart
ROTOR500KLoC500KLines-of-TestHarnessRanonWindows,MacOSX,FreeBSDOnescripttosetenvironmentOnecommandtobuildeverythingOnecommandtotestitallMinimaldocumentation
24hourslater…24hourslateragain…
Howdoyouincreaseyouruserbase?(Howdoyoumakeiteasytoinstall/configure/usethesoftware?)
Howdoyouencouragedevelopers?(Howdoyoumakeiteasytobuild/test/experiment?)
Howdoyoumakeiteasytocontribute?(Whatdoyoucommunicatetoyourcommunity)
Howdoyouincreaseyouruserbase?(Howdoyoumakeiteasytoinstall/configure/usethesoftware?)
ProjectE
xes
publish
ed
ProjectInstall
Automated
SoftwareConstructionActivitiesProject
BugTracking
Howdoyouincreaseyouruserbase?(Howdoyoumakeiteasytoinstall/configure/usethesoftware?)
ProjectE
xes
publish
ed
ProjectInstall
AutomatedSoftwareConstructionActivities
Project
License
FAQs,Ho
wto
CommunityDevelopmentActivities
Project
BugTracking
Forums,Em
ail
Howdoyouencouragedevelopers?(Howdoyoumakeiteasytobuild/test/experiment?)
ProjectB
uild
AutomatedI
CompleteSrc
publish
ed
ProjectTest
AutomatedI
SoftwareConstructionActivities
Howdoyouencouragedevelopers?(Howdoyoumakeiteasytobuild/test/experiment?)
ProjectB
uild
AutomatedI
CompleteSrc
publish
ed
ProjectTest
AutomatedI
SoftwareConstructionActivities
Mission
Statem
ent
Comms
Platform
CommunityDevelopmentActivities
Codeof
Conduct
Asmalldiversiononsoftwareengineering…
• 2ratiosdefinesoftwaredevelopment• Alladvancesinprogramminglanguagesandsoftwareengineeringisattemptingtobeatthesetworatios• [Community|Product]scaledependsonreliablydeliveringtheknownexecutableenvironmenteverytime• Linus’sLawisaboutREVIEWSnotBUGFIXING
Howdoyoumakeiteasytocontribute?(Whatdoyoucommunicatetoyourcommunity)
ProjectB
uild
AutomatedII
ProjectTest
AutomatedII
Basic
Arch
Descrip
tion
SoftwareConstructionActivities
Howdoyoumakeiteasytocontribute?(Whatdoyoucommunicatetoyourcommunity)
ProjectB
uild
AutomatedII
ProjectTest
AutomatedII
Basic
Arch
Descrip
tion
SoftwareConstructionActivities
Governance
Events
CommunityDevelopmentActivities
Contrib
utoion
Guidelines
Committers ContributorsCommunity
EcosystemProject
ProductsServices
Books
Training
TheEvolutionofanOpenSourceProject
Committers ContributorsCommunity
EcosystemProject
ProductsServices
Books
Training
CorporateContributors
TheEvolutionofanOpenSourceProject
Howdoyoumakeiteasytocontribute?(WhatdoyoucommunicatetoyourCOMMERCIALcommunity)
Project
License
Provenance
Tracking
Repositories
Protected
Dependencies
Documented
Contrib
utions
Auditted
Provenance
Managem
ent
Committers
Indemnified
Committer
Governance
Tradem
ark
Managem
ent
IPManagementActivities
Foundations
• HenrikIngo’snumbers• FoundationsCANprovideneutralownershipandalevelplayingfield• Brightlinesforprojectsversusproducts
Ope
nSourceCom
mun
ityPractices
ProjectE
xes
publish
ed
ProjectB
uild
AutomatedI
ProjectInstall
Automated
CompleteSrc
publish
ed
Project
BugTracking
ProjectB
uild
AutomatedII
ProjectTest
AutomatedI
ProjectTest
AutomatedII
Basic
Arch
Descrip
tion
Project
License
Project
License
Mission
Statem
ent
Codeof
Conduct
Forums,Em
ail
Comms
Platform
FAQs,Ho
wto
Governance
Contrib
utoion
Guidelines
Events
Provenance
Tracking
Repositories
Protected
Dependencies
Documented
Contrib
utions
Auditted
Provenance
Managem
ent
Committers
Indemnified
Committer
Governance
Tradem
ark
Managem
ent
IPManagementActivities
CommunityDevelopment
SoftwareConstructionMaturity
Ope
nSourceCom
mun
ityPatterns
ProjectE
xes
publish
ed
ProjectB
uild
AutomatedI
ProjectInstall
Automated
CompleteSrc
publish
ed
Project
BugTracking
ProjectB
uild
AutomatedII
ProjectTest
AutomatedI
ProjectTest
AutomatedII
Basic
Arch
Descrip
tion
Project
License
Project
License
Mission
Statem
ent
Codeof
Conduct
Forums,Em
ail
Comms
Platform
FAQs,Ho
wto
Governance
Contrib
utoion
Guidelines
Events
Provenance
Tracking
Repositories
Protected
Dependencies
Documented
Contrib
utions
Auditted
Provenance
Managem
ent
Committers
Indemnified
Committer
Governance
Tradem
ark
Managem
ent
IPManagementActivities
CommunityDevelopment
SoftwareConstructionMaturity
EncourageUsers
EncourageContributorsEncourageDevelopers
Encourage/ManageCorpContributions
Developers
Users
Committers+
Code
Books
Contractors
Products
Distributions
Consulting
Training
Support
BuildingtheEcosystem
Committers ContributorsCommunity
EcosystemProject
ProductsServices
Books
Training
CorporateContributors
Customers
TheEvolutionofanOpenSourceProject
Committers ContributorsCommunity
EcosystemProject
ProductsServices
Books
Training
CorporateContributors
Customers
Engineering/Partner?/Customer?/Committers
Engineering/Partner?/Customer?/Contributors
Community
EcosystemProject
ProductsServices
Books
Training
Partner/CustomerContributors
TheEvolutionofaCorporateOpenSourceProject
SettingCustomerandPartnerExpectationsinCommunityisCritical
CustomerPipeline
R&D
Product
MarketingMessages
$$$
Code,etc.
Thecommunity isNOTapartofthepipeline!
Don’tConfuseCommunitieswithCustomers
CustomerPipeline
R&D
Product
MarketingMessages
$$$
Code,etc.
Thecommunity isNOTapartofthepipeline!
Don’tConfuseCommunitieswithCustomers
WRONG
Don’tConfuseCommunitieswithCustomersR&D
Product
Marketing
Messages
$$$
Code,etc.
Conversations
IdentifyCustomer
Awareness Download&Try
Deploy?Train????
Buy
Identifycommunity
WhatMission?
Platform &Tools
Arch.ofParticipation
CodeofConduct
IPMachine
GovernanceStructure
…withdifferent tools,programsandmetrics.
Communitymembersbuild awarenessandevangelize,provideexpertiseandtrialsupport, areademonstrationofsolution viability, andprovide greatinertiaaroundyoursolution – Contributors provideinnovation
Questions&Commentsstephen r walli
[email protected]@stephenrwalli
http://stephesblog.blogs.comhttp://opensource.com
CreativeCommonsPhotoCredits
• StephenR.Walli(https://www.flickr.com/photos/stephenrwalli/) (campfire,car)• MitchBarrie(https://www.flickr.com/photos/simonov/) (engine)• StuartRankin(https://www.flickr.com/photos/24354425@N03/) (steel)• SelbyLynn(https://www.flickr.com/photos/stacylynn/) (house)• EmilianRobertVicol (https://www.flickr.com/photos/free-stock/) (lumber)• OlgaCaprotti (https://www.flickr.com/photos/__olga__/) (trees)• JamesWillamor (https://www.flickr.com/photos/bz3rk/) (footballfield)