Building intranet applicationswith ASP.NET AJAX and jQuery

Alek Davis2009

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Intro

• Speaker– Alek Davis: Technoblog: http://alekdavis.blogspot.com

• Goals– Basic understanding of jQuery, ASP.NET AJAX– Know how to build an application using ASP.NET AJAX and jQuery– Know what can go wrong and how to fix common problems– Know where find information, support, and tools

• Presentation– Use as a reference– References contain active hyperlinks– Code samples

• Audience– Expected to understand

• JavaScript: Basic JavaScript syntax• ASP.NET: Postback, code-behind, viewstate, data binding

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Topics

• Technologies– Rich Internet Applications (RIA)– ASP.NET AJAX– jQuery

• Pros and cons– ASP.NET + AJAX + jQuery– Other alternatives

• Development– Web design– Common patterns– Caveats– Tools– Debugging

• References

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Rich internet applications (RIA)

• Server-side• ASP/ASP.NET (Microsoft)• JSP (Sun)• PHP

• Client-side– virtual machine (plug-in) based

• Flash/Flex (Adobe)• Java/JavaFX (Sun)• Gears (Google)• Silverlight (Microsoft)• BrowserPlus (Yahoo!)• Curl

– JavaScript based• ASP.NET AJAX• Yahoo! User Inter Interface (YUI) Library• Google AJAX APIs, Data (GData) APIs, …• jQuery, Prototype, MooTools, Dojo, script.aculo.us, …

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Comparing RIA technologies

• Server-side– Pros: ease of development– Cons: user experience (flicker), server load, web traffic

• Client-side virtual machine based– Pros: user experience, capabilities, platform support– Cons: user experience, platform support, no HTML benefits

• Client-side JavaScript based– Pros: user experience, availability, graceful degradation (NOSCRIPT)– Cons: performance (less of an issue), browser specifics, JavaScript

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Choosing RIA technologies

• Assumptions– Building intranet, line-of-business (LOB) application– Using Microsoft stack (Visual Studio, etc)

• Criteria– Utilize existing knowledge (ASP.NET)– Development ease and speed– Code maintainability– Application performance

• Options– ASP.NET AJAX– AJAX libraries

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ASP.NET AJAX

• Quick facts– Comes with Visual Studio 2008 (ASP.NET 3.5)

• Add-on for Visual Studio 2005• Overview

– 3+ primary controls• ScriptManager (required)

– Enables ASP.NET AJAX, partial page rendering, Web service calls• UpdatePanel (optional)

– Partial page update (see also: UpdatePanel Tips and Tricks by Jeff Prosise)• UpdateProgress (optional)

– Progress indicator– Add-ons

• ASP.NET Control Toolkit– Open-source project– Last release: Aug 20, 2008; last update: Dec 17, 2008• jQuery

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Learning ASP.NET AJAX

• Documentation– Adding AJAX and Client Capabilities Roadmap

• Web sites– http://ajax.asp.net (main site)– http://asp.net/AJAX/Documentation/Live/ (old, but good examples)– http://encosia.com/ (ASP.NET, AJAX, and more; articles, tutorials, tips, RSS)– http://mattberseth.com/blog/aspnet_ajax/ (articles, tips, RSS)

• Presentations/talks/demos/screencasts– ASP.NET AJAX 100 by Bruce Kyle (16 min)– ASP.NET AJAX Futures by Bertrand Le Roy at PDC 2008 (84 min)– Building Great AJAX Applications from Scratch Using ASP.NET 3.5 and Visual S

tudio 2008 by Brad Adams at MIX 2008 (76 min)

– Real-World AJAX with ASP.NET by Nikhil Kothari at MIX 2008 (75 min)• Books

– ASP.NET AJAX UpdatePanel Control by Matt Gibbs, Bertrand Le Roy– More from Amazon

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jQuery

• Quick facts– JavaScript library (file) created by John Resig– Open source (MIT and GPL licenses; good for commercial use)– Current version: 1.3 (released on January 21, 2009)– Size: ~18 KB– Browser support: IE 6+, Firefox 2+, Opera 9+, Safari 2+, Chrome– Actively developed – Large and active community– Used by many companies (Google, IBM, Amazon, Dell, Netflix, Intel, …)– Shipped with ASP.NET MVC Framework– Will be included in next versions of Visual Studio– 24/7 support by Microsoft through Product Support Services (PSS)

• See also– Learning jQuery @ MIT (presented by John Resig at MIT)

• More facts, performance benchmarks, key features

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Learning jQuery

• Web sites– http://jquery.com/ (downloads, docs, tutorials, bug tracker, forums)– http://www.learningjquery.com/ (tips, techniques, tutorials, RSS)

• Tutorials/articles– jQuery for Absolute Beginners (15 short videos, about 5 minutes each)– An introduction to jQuery (Part 1: The Client Side)– Using jQuery with ASP.NET (Part 2: Making Ajax Callbacks to the Server)

• Books– Learning jQuery: … by Karl Swedberg & Jonathan Chaffer– jQuery Reference Guide by Karl Swedberg & Jonathan Chaffer– jQuery in Action by Bear Bibeault & Yehuda Katz

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jQuery basics

• Syntax– $('select element').doSomething('info').doSomethingElse('more info');

• Selectors– $('#txtSearchBox'): element with ID txtSearchBox– $('.SelectedCell'): element(s) with class attribute SelectedCell– $('#userGrid tr:even'): even rows of the element with ID userGrid– $('input:checkbox[id$=\'chkDelete\']'): input element(s) of the type

checkbox with ID that ends with chkDelete– $('img.ImgLink[id$=\'imgOK\'],img.ImgLink[id$=\'imgCancel\']'): IMG

element(s) with class attribute ImgLink and ID ending with imgOK or imgCancel

• Animations– $(…).hide() $(…).show()– $(…).fadeIn("fast") $(…).fadeOut("slow")– $(…).slideUp(1000) $(…).slideDown(5000)– …

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More jQuery

• Common operations– $(…).preventDefaults(): prevents default behavior– $(…).attr(): sets/gets attribute value– $(…).css(): sets/gets CSS attribute value– $(…).val(): sets/gets value of a text input element (text box, text area)– $(…).text(): sets/gets text value of an element (span, etc)– …

• Events– $(…).click(function(e){ … }): on click event handler– $(…).keydown(function(e){ … }): on key down event handler– $(…).hover(function(){ … }, function()): on hover (in and out) event handler– $(…).bind("eventX eventY …", …): binds one or more event to event hander– …

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jQuery extras

• jQuery UI– jQuery widgets

• Handle drag-and-drop, sorting, resizing, selecting• Accordion, date picker, dialog, progress bar, slider, tabs controls• Effects (color animation, class transitions, theming)

• Plugins– Third party widgets

• User interface• Data manipulation• AJAX• …

– See also: Plugins/Authoring• See also

– http://docs.jquery.com/ (documentation)

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jQuery demo

• Features– Custom search box

• Auto-show, auto-hide• Submit, cancel• Buttons and keyboard• Input validation

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ASP.NET AJAX + jQuery benefits

• Why ASP.NET?– Server-side (code-behind) programming

• Why ASP.NET AJAX?– Simple partial page updates and progress indicator– Simple asynchronous postbacks and partial page updates– Can reuse code-behind (no additional code for Web services)– Graceful degradation (<NOSCRIPT>)– Less JavaScript code

• Why jQuery?– Efficient, small, clean JavaScript; shields from browser specifics– Complements ASP.NET AJAX: offers animations, selectors, plugins– Minor overlap with ASP.NET AJAX (unlike other JavaScript libraries)

• Why ASP.NET AJAX (UpdatePanel, UpdateProgress) + jQuery?– Less code (clean code)– Reasonable efficiency (not the best, but good enough)

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ASP.NET AJAX + jQuery limitations

• Why not use ASP.NET AJAX (UpdatePanel, UpdateProgress) + jQuery?– Performance (in certain scenarios)– HTML payload– ViewState size– Not pure

• Alternatives– ASP.NET AJAX + DHTML– ASP.NET (without AJAX) + jQuery– ASP.NET AJAX (without UpdatePanel) + jQuery– ASP.NET AJAX + ASP.NET AJAX Toolkit + jQuery (just kidding)

• Video (good talk describing one alternative)– ASP.NET and jQuery by Stephen Walther at PDC 2008 (74 min)

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Web development

• Design skills– Don't Make Me Think by Steve Krug– The Non-Designer's Design Book by Robin Williams– SitePoint TechTimes and SitePoint Design View newsletters

• Graphics (*free* icons)– Visual Studio 2008 Image Library– Sweetie icons (2 collections: BasePack and WebCommunication)– ICONlook: the icon search– Crystal Project (see also Crystal Clear)– See also: 14 Free Icon Resources

• CSS frameworks– BlueprintCSS– YUI Grid CSS– See also: List of CSS frameworks

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Browsers and tools

• Firefox– Use IE Tab add-on to switch between Firefox and IE views– Use Web Developer add-on/toolbar for… lots of things– Use Firebug add-on for debugging

• console.log is your friend– Use YSlow add-on to see performance score– More add-ons

• iMacros creates macros for task automation• FireRainbow enables JavaScript syntax highlighting for Firebug

• Internet Explorer– Use Fiddler to debug HTTP traffic– Use Internet Explorer Developer Toolbar for debugging– Use IE7Pro add-on for "everything" else

• Web tools– jQuery API Browser– Visual jQuery

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ASP.NET AJAX + jQuery demo

• Features– ASP.NET AJAX (.NET 3.5) + jQuery 1.3– Repeater control

• Each item in Repeater is an UpdatePanel• Each UpdatePanel holds an UpdateProgress control

– jQuery is responsible for DHTML operations

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Application settings and configuration

• Enable a Visual Studio project for ASP.NET AJAX – Set Target Framework (in the project Properties – Application tab)

to .NET Framework 3.5– For upgraded projects (e.g. migrated from VS 2005 to VS 2008)

• Don't use <xhtmlConformance mode="Legacy"/> in Web.config; otherwise, you may get the following error:

"'Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager' is null or not an object"

– See Scott Guthrie's post (read comments on suggestions for customization of the xhtmConformance settings)

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Adding ASP.NET AJAX functionality

• Use ScriptManager control– Set EnablePartialRendering attribute to true

<asp:ScriptManager id="ScriptManager1"EnablePartialRendering="true"runat="server">…

</asp:ScriptManager>

– Include references to JavaScript files in the <Scripts> section

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Using jQuery in a project

• Options– Option 1: Reference distribution source (Google)

• Pros: Download speed, caching, proximity• Cons: External reference

– Option 2: Make your own copy• Pros: Internal reference• Cons: Download speed (possibly)

• Example<asp:ScriptManager …><Scripts><asp:ScriptReference Path="~/Scripts/jQuery-1.3.1-vsdoc.js" />

</Scripts></asp:ScriptManager>

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jQuery and IntelliSense

• The documentation (-vsdoc.js) file– Use for documentation only (the official file at Google is buggy)– If official version is not available (e.g. immediately after release)

• Generate vsdoc file via InfoBasis JQuery IntelliSense Header Generator– Generated stub file contains no code (only comments)

• Usage options– If using VS 2008 SP1

• Install hotfix KB958502 (see Visual Studio patched for better jQuery IntelliSense)• Add the vsdoc file to the project; do not reference it in code• Vsdoc file must have the same name as the original with –vsdoc suffix

– If not using VS 2008 SP1 (also see the Resources slide)• Add the vsdoc file to the project• Wrap the vsdoc file in an invisible control (use appropriate name):<asp:Label Visible="false" runat="server"><script src="../Scripts/jQuery-1.3.1-vsdoc.js" type="text/javascript" /></asp:Label>• In JavaScript files, add at the top (use appropriate name):/// <reference path="jQuery-1.3.1-vsdoc.js"/>

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jQuery code

• Traditional jQuery code– Does not work after partial postback

$(document).ready(function() // or $(function()

{ // JavaScript code here // …});

• ASP.NET AJAX-specific jQuery– Works after partial postback

//$(function()

function pageLoad(sender, args)

{ // JavaScript code here // …}//});

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UpdateProgress control

• Basics– Works with UpdatePanel control– Invisible during initial page load and full postback– Visible only during partial postback– Can implement UpdateProgress as a user control

• Advanced– Modal UpdateProgress for UpdatePanel – Revisited by Damien White

• *Free* progress indicators (graphics)– Activity indicators– Ajaxload: Ajax loading gif generator

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Anatomy of a postback

• Full postback– Client server: GET (initial request, URL)– Server client: <HTML>…<BODY></BODY></HTML>– Client server: POST (form data, including VIEWSTATE)– Server client: <HTML>…<BODY></BODY></HTML>

• Partial postback– Client server: GET (initial request, URL)– Server client: <HTML>…<BODY></BODY></HTML>– Client server: POST (form data, including VIEWSTATE)– Server client: <DIV id="UpdatePanelID"></DIV>, VIEWSTATE

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UpdatePanel control

• Basics– Embeds contents in the <DIV></DIV> tags– Set UpdateMode attribute to Conditional– Not everything can be implemented as an UpdatePanel

• Cannot include <TR> elements in UpdatePanel• Using UpdatePanel with data-bound controls

– Using Eval (slower)<asp:ImageButton … CommandArgument='<%# DataBinder.Eval("ID") %>'/>

– Using DataBinder.GetPropertyValue (faster)<a …><%# DataBinder.GetPropertyValue(Container.DataItem, "Name") %></a>

– For complex formatting use String.Format<asp:HyperLink … NavigateUrl='<%# String.Format("?ID={0}&Mode={1}", Eval("ID"), Eval("Mode")) %>' />

• Accessing controls in UpdatePanel

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How to find a control?

• Helper function– Find control recursively

public static Control FindControl(Control start, string id) { Control foundControl; if (start != null) { foundControl = start.FindControl(id); if (foundControl != null) return foundControl; foreach (Control c in start.Controls) { foundControl = FindControl(c, id); if (foundControl != null) return foundControl; } } return null;}

• See alsoGeneric Recursive Find Control Extension by Brendan EnrickASP.NET 2.0 MasterPages and FindControl() by Rick Strahl

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Accessing UpdatePanel from code-behind

• Access UpdatePanel controlprivate void someCtrl_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){ … UpdatePanel updPanel = FindControl((Control)sender, "updPanel") as

UpdatePanel; …}

• Access controls hosted by UpdatePanelHtmlTable tbl = Helper.FindControl(updPanel, "tblDetails") as HtmlTable;LinkButton lnk = Helper.FindControl(updPanel, "lnkItem") as LinkButton;ImageButton img = Helper.FindControl(updPanel, "imgDetails") as

ImageButton;

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Find controls via jQuery

• If you do not know IDs of elements (e.g. in Repeater)– Example: Make sure that check box A gets checked and disabled when

user checks box B (both check boxes belong to a repeater item and have IDs chkA and chkB)$('input:checkbox[id$=\'chkB\']').click(function(e)

{ var elemID = $(e.target).attr('id'); var prefixID = elemID.replace(/chkB$/i, ""); var elemIDchkA = "#" + elemID.replace(/chkB$/, "chkA");

if (this.checked) {

$(elemIDchkA).attr('checked', 'true'); $(elemIDchkA).attr('disabled', 'true'); } else $(elemIDchkA).removeAttr('disabled');});

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What is $(this)?

• this can have different contexts– Most common contexts

• Context #1: JavaScript DOM element– Inside of a callback function (click, hover, …)• Context #2: jQuery object

– Inside of custom jQuery function• Context #3: JavaScript object

– Such as an array element

• What about $(this)?– $(this) converts a DOM object into a jQuery object

• To convert a jQuery object to a DOM object use:– $(…).get(0) or $(…)[0]

• See also– What is this? By Mike Alsup– jQuery's this: demystified by Remy Sharp

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Partial postback

• Detecting partial postback– In code-behind

if (ScriptManager1.IsInAsyncPostBack) { …}

– In JavaScriptfunction pageLoad(sender, args) { if (args.get_isPartialLoad()) { … }}

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Handle concurrent partial postbacks

• Default behavior– Cancels running postback and switch to the new postback (confusing)

• Custom behavior– Options: show error message, …

• HowSys.Application.add_load(ApplicationLoadHandler);function ApplicationLoadHandler(sender, args) {

if (!Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().get_isInAsyncPostBack())Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().add_initializeRequest(InitializeRequest);

}function InitializeRequest(sender, args) {

if (Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().get_isInAsyncPostBack()) {args.set_cancel(true);alert('Please wait until the already running operation finishes processing and retry.');}

}Sys.Application.notifyScriptLoaded();

• ExampleGiving Precedence to a Specific Asynchronous Postback

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Customize postbacks

• Default behavior– Children of UpdatePanel automatically invoke (partial) postback

• Unless AutoPostBack property is set to false• Custom behavior

– Can specify which controls/events perform partial/full updates• Use <Triggers> section of UpdatePanel control<asp:UpdatePanel … UpdateMode="Conditional"><Triggers>

<asp:PostBackTrigger ControlID="btnFull" EventName="Click" /> <asp:AsyncPostBackTrigger ControlID="btnPartial" EventName="Click" />

</Triggers><ContentTemplate>…</ContentTemplate></asp:UpdatePanel>

• See also– Understanding ASP.NET AJAX UpdatePanel Triggers

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Handle errors from partial postback

• Default behavior– Does not display errors (non-documented change in ASP.NET 3.5)

• Custom behavior– Show error message box, or show inline error message, or …

• How– Add OnAsyncPostbackError attribute to ScriptManager element

<asp:ScriptManager … OnAsyncPostbackError="ScriptManager1_AsyncPostBackError">

– In OnAsyncPostbackError event handler, set AsyncPostBackErrorMessage property of the ScriptManager object (see next slide)ScriptManager1.AsyncPostBackErrorMessage = e.Exception.Message;

– Add JavaScript code to handle error event and process error messageSys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().add_endRequest(EndRequest);function EndRequest(sender, args){/* see next slide */}

• Examples– Handling Errors During a Partial-page Postback by Matthew Ellis– How to improve ASP.NET AJAX error handling by Dave Ward (read comments)

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Error handlers

• Server-side (code-behind)protected void ScriptManager1_AsyncPostBackError(object sender, AsyncPostBackErrorEventArgs

e) { if (e.Exception.Data["UserError"] == null) ScriptManager1.AsyncPostBackErrorMessage = e.Exception.Message; else ScriptManager1.AsyncPostBackErrorMessage = e.Exception.Data["UserError"].ToString();}

• Client-side (JavaScript)function EndRequest(sender, args) { if (!args.get_error()) return true;

if (args.get_error().message == null || args.get_error().message.length == 0)return true;

// Get message without the prefix (name of exception type).var msg = args.get_error().message.replace(/^[^:]+:\s*/, "");

if (msg == null || msg.length == 0) return true;

alert(msg);args.set_errorHandled(true);

}

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Processing control info

• In ASPX code<asp:LinkButton … ID="lnkItem" Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>' OnClientClick='<%# String.Format("return ToggleDetails(\"{0}\");",

lnkItem.ClientID) %>' OnClick="lnkItem_Click" CommandArgument='<%# Eval("ID") %>' />

• In JavaScriptfunction ToggleDetails(elemID) { … if (/* panel has not been initialized, pass event to server */) return true;

// Assume that $(…) returns a details panel if ($(…).is(':visible')) $(…).hide(); else $(…).show();

// Suppress default operation caused by click event. return false;}

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Obtaining control info in code-behind

• In code-behindprivate void lnkItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){ … int id = 0; if (sender is LinkButton) id = Convert.ToInt32(((LinkButton)sender).CommandArgument); else … …}

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Other ASP.NET AJAX considerations

• ViewState– May need to disable ViewState for controls updated via JavaScript

• Invisible elements– Be careful with <… Visible="false" />; jQuery may not find these

elements• Use <… style="display:none;" /> if possible

– See also• ATLAS UpdatePanel problem with Postback Scripts and invisible controls

by Rick Strahl

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Other jQuery considerations

• Text values– Know when to use $(…).text() or $(…).val()

• Prevent default behavior– Use e.PreventDefaults or return false from function

• Repeated click events– Not sure why

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What's next?

• Interesting topics– Page methods (see ASP.NET AJAX Page Methods by Damien White)– jQuery, UpdatePanel, UpdateProgress in master pages– jQuery, UpdatePanel, UpdateProgress in user controls– Calling Web services via client-side proxy classes in ASP.NET AJAX– Using client templates in ASP.NET 4.0 AJAX– Using jQuery plugins– Writing jQuery plugins– Using jQuery UI

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Videos

• Presentations/talks/demos/videocasts/samples– Performance Improvements in Browsers by John Resig at Google (92 min)– MIX08 Presentation : Real-World AJAX with ASP.NET Video by Nikhil Kothari

(references to presentations/demos/talks/samples)– ASP.NET 3.5: Adding AJAX Functionality to an Existing ASP.NET Page by Todd

Miranda– ASP.NET Podcast Show #128 - AJAX with jQuery by Wallace B. (Wally)

McClure

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Resources

• JavaScript– Create Advanced Web Applications With Object-Oriented Techniques by Ray

Djajadinata• jQuery

– The Grubbsian: jQuery (a few interesting articles)– jQuery for JavaScript programmers by Simon Willison

• jQuery, ASP.NET, AJAX– Tales from the Evil Empire by Bertrand Le Roy– Blog - Microsoft .NET, ASP.NET, AJAX and more by Visoft, Inc.

• IntelliSense– JQuery 1.3 and Visual Studio 2008 IntelliSense by James Hart– (Better) JQuery IntelliSense in VS2008 by Brad Vin– JScript IntelliSense FAQ

• Rich Internet Applications (RIA)– Developing rich Internet applications (RIA) by Alek Davis (links to many samples)

• CSS– Which CSS Grid Framework Should You Use for Web Design?