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The purpose of my dissertation research is to explore: -Experiences of student leaders’ use of social media. -Meaning made of digital technologies in student leaders college experience. -Explore identity meaning making, digital decisions and online leadership behavior. Goal: Provide evidence and direction in what works in developing digital student leaders, both for student affairs administrators, leadership educators, as well as student leaders themselves.
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Josie AhlquistCali fornia Lutheran Universi tyDissertat ion Proposal Defense
Apri l 15 t h 2014
Developing Digital Student LeadersA mixed methods study of
student leadership, identity and decision making on social media
College
Student
Leaders
High Users
+/- Impact of Social
Media Use
Student Identity
Development
Current Leadership
TheoriesLittle or no education on digital technologi
es Privacy in
Digital Global
Environment
Career Bound
Purpose of the Study• Experiences of student
leaders’ use of social media.
• Meaning made of digital technologies in their college experience.
• Explore identity meaning making, digital decisions and online leadership behavior.
Provide evidence and direction in what works in developing digital student leaders, both for student affairs administrators, leadership educators, as well as student leaders themselves.
1. What ro le does soc ia l media p lay in the ident i ty and exper iences of co l lege student leaders?
2. What patterns o f behav ior ex ist for social media activity of co l lege student leaders in how leadership , ident i ty and decis ion-making are portrayed onl ine?
3. Do the self-reported exper iences of co l lege student leaders represent the ir actual behavior as documented on soc ia l media?
What is a #DigitalStudentLeader ?
Research Questions
State of Social Media Use by Teens & Young Adults
90-99% of college students useAt minimum 30 minutes per day
(Pempek, Yermolayeva & Calvert, 2009), and climbing up to two hours (Junco, 2012)
Differences between men & women usage (Ahn, 2011)
Average 300 Facebook friends (Mangao, Taylor & Greenfield, 2012)
Freshman more active than seniorsUsing self-presentation/performance
tools (Chen & Marcus, 2012; Birnbaum, 2013) On most social media platforms,
teens and college-aged users are #1 active participants
Positive Negative
(+) Expressing true self(+) Building social
capital(+) Increased self-
esteem(+) Transition to
college(+) Academic success(+) Student
engagement(+) Campus
involvement
(-) Increased stress(-) Study disruptions(-) Grade attainment(-) Class attentiveness (-) Cyberbullying(-) Internet addiction(-) Poor digital
decisions
Literature Review: Impact of Social Media
(DeAndréa et al., 2012), (Ellison, Steinfield & Lampe, 2007), (Junco, Elavsky & Heiberger, 2012), (Gray, Vitak, Easton & Ellison, 2013) (Gonales & Hancock, 2011) & (Pempek et al., 2009)
(Adams & Lawrence, 2011), (Gemmill & Peterson, 2006), (Jacobsen & Forste, 2011), (Kim & Davis, 2002), (Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010) (Lifer et al., 2010) & (Yang & Brown, 2013)
Literature Review: Digital Realities
Literacies (Ng, 2012)
Identity (Goode, 2010)
Citizenship (Greenhow & Robelia, 2009)
Leadership (Lewis & Rush, 2013)
Digital
Theory + Practice = Digital & Leadership Research Framework
Student Development
Theory
Relational Leadershi
p
Digital Citizenshi
p
Identity Developme
nt
Social Change Model
Digital Literacies
Digital Leadership
CongruencyIn-Person & Online
(Social Change Model)
Safely & Strategically
Exploring Identity Digitally
Collaborative Partners
(Relational Leadership)
Social Media Social
Change Agents
Developing Digital
Leadership Competencies
Mixed Methods ResearchSequential Exploratory
Design Creswell & Plano
Clark, 2011
Tashakkori & Teddlie 1998;
2009
Sequenced PhasesQUAL + QUANPragmatic WorldviewTells Complete Student Leader
Social Media Story Green, Caracelli and Graham
(1989) five purposes of Mixed MethodsTriangulation Complementar
y Initiation
Development Expansion
Research Participants
Two Southern California universities30 Student LeadersPurposeful & Theoretical SamplingRequirements
Juniors & Seniors One year in leadership-related role Good standing in position On at least two social media platforms
Same 30 Participants = Focus Groups + Survey Research + Digital Social Media Analysis
Student Leader is defined as a college student whom is involved in a traditional student leader role for which they were selected, nominated, hired or elected.
Phase I
Qualitative Collection of Focus Groups
Qualitative Analysis
Survey
Phase II Qualitative
Collection of Social Media
Grounded Theory
Analysis
Development of Rubric
Quantitative Analysis
Phase III
Mixed Methods Analysis
Focus Groups
+Rubric
+Survey
Phase I: Focus Groups & Survey ResearchNominations from Student
Affairs Administrators from two Southern California universities
4-6 Focus Groups: 90 MinutesAt minimum 30 participantsSocial Media Usage and Self
Assessment Survey to capture activity and self reported data
Student Nominations
Focus Groups
Social Media Usage & Self Assessment
Survey
Qualitative Analysis
Phase II: Rubric Development & Social Media Activity
10-20% of Social Media
Activity
Qualitative Grounded
Theory Analysis
Social Media Rubric
Develop Instrument
Quantitize Social Media
Activity
Quantitative Analysis
Quantizing DataDefined by Teddlie and Tashakkori (2009) as “the process of converting qualitative data into numbers that can be statistically analyzed” (p. 27).
Social Media Rubri
c
Focus Group
Analysis
Social Media Survey
Grounded Theory
Analysis
Student Development Theory
Digital Citizenship
& Literacies
Leadership Theory (Social Change Model)
Phase III: Social Media Analysis
Phase III
Analysis
Phase I
Results
Phase II
Results
“Graphic or matrix displays are a way of getting the trees located in the
forest in such a way as to see not only what the forest looks like, but also how it would look like if the trees
were moved around”
Huberman & Miles (1989, p. 286)
Cross-Site Analysis
Within StudyExplore how college
student leaders use social media
Define college student digital leadership through self reported and actual behavior
Discover how identity is played out on social media for student leaders
Use student experience to teach new/future college students about social media
Integration of social media as positive devices in student leadership practices
Development of student leader competencies for leadership programs
Long TermImplications
Fo l l o w M y R e s e a r c h P r o c e s s
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