Scope TelecomPvt.ltd

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FOR

45 DAYS

HISTORY

SCOPE Telecom Private Limited is a Telecom Company

established in the year 2013.

Mission of Scope Telecom is To assist GSM operators for integration with continually growingtechnological trends and work more efficiently by providing globally qualified services.

INTRODUCTION

A basic telecommunication system consist three primary units

Transmitter that take information and converts it to a signal.

Transmission medium is also called the physical channel that carries signal.

Receiver that takes signal from from channel and convert it back to usable information.

But what’s cellular?

HLR, VLR, AC, EIR

MSC

PSTN

BS

1st Generation• Start to use in 1989• Call forwarding• All calls• No answer• Engaged• Unreachable• Outgoing calls barring• Incoming calls barring• Global roaming

drawbacks• Poor voice quality• Poor battery life• Large phone size• No security• Limited capacity

2nd Generation• Finished process in 1995• SMS(Short Message Services)• Multi Party Calling• Call holding• Call waiting• Mobile data service• Mobile fax service• Call line identity• Advice of charging• Cell broadcast

drawbacks

• These system are unable to handle

complex data such as videos

2.5 generation• 2.5G is a technology between 2nd and 3rd generation,

• Features• Phone calls• Send and receive email messages• Web browsing• Speed 64-144kbps• Camera phones• Take a time to 6 to 9 minutes to download a song

3G GENERATION• 3G Generation introduce in year 2000• Data transmission speed increase from 144kbps to 2mbps.• Typically called smart phones • Features• increase its bandwidth• Increase data transfer rate to accommodate audio and video files

GENERATION• Capable to provide speed 100mbps-1gbps• High security• Provide any kind of service at any time as per user

requirement any where• battery uses is more • Hard to implement• Need complicated hardware• Expensive equipment

4G GENERATION

GSM Architecture

GSM Overview

GSM Channels

• Physical Channel: Each timeslot on a carrier is referred to as a physical channel

• Logical Channel: Variety of information is transmitted between the MS and BTS. Different types of logical channels:– Traffic channel– Control Channel

Downlink

Uplink

Channels

• BTS – houses the radio transceivers of the cell and handles the radio-link protocols with the mobile

• BSC – manages radio resources (channel setup, handover) for one or more BTSs

• MSC – Mobile Switching Center• The central component of the network• Like a telephony switch plus everything for a

mobile subscriber: registration, authentication, handovers, call routing, connection to fixed networks.

• Each switch handles dozens of cells

• HLR – database of all users + current location. One per network

• VLR – database of users + roamers in some geographic area. Caches the HLR

• EIR – database of valid equipment• AuC – Database of users’ secret keys