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3rd International Business Servitization Conference 13-14 November 2014 Bilbao
Citation preview
CONTEMPORARY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES OF UK CONTAINER PORTS
IN THE ERA OF SERVITISATION
1
Nikolaos
Valantasis-Kanellos [email protected]
Maja
Piecyk [email protected]
Nigel
Caldwell [email protected]
Heriot Watt University
Logistics Research Centre
Agenda
Research Background
Ports’ business environment
Port centric logistics and importance for the UK
Methodology
Propositions development
Primary data collection
“Next steps” of the research
2
Ports business networks or clusters of interdepended
organisations which cooperate for the holistic development
of the system
(van der Lugt 2013, de Langen 2004)
Contemporary business environment and understanding of ports
3
• Increasing economic
globalisation
• Reshaped market (Notteboom 2007)
Ports from traditional role to the
provision of VAS and a focus on
supply chain integration (Demirbas et al. 2014)
2000s: Realisation of the increased
benefits derived from the provision of on-
site warehousing and other logistics VAS
for containerised goods
Port Centric Logistics
(Mangan et al. 2008)
The UK ports paradigm
4
• National Dock Labour Scheme,
and containerisation
• Relocation of DCs inlands
during 1960s-1970s
• Privatisation schemes
UK ports’ development not in
accordance with ports in mainland
Europe
(Asteris and Collins 2009, Demirbas et al. 2014,
Baird 2013)
Focus on cargo and ship handling
services lost competitiveness to
European ports (logistics platforms)
(Pettit and Beresford 2009, Rodrigue and Notteboom 2010)
Port centric services
Traditional Port Services
+
Freight Forwarding services
Cargo Inspection and quality control
Custom clearance
Pre-retailing services
State of the art warehousing and warehousing managing systems
Multi user warehouses with leasing opportunities
Packing, relabeling, maintenance and light manufacturing services
Hazardous goods specialised services
Inland Transportation
Multimodal connections (rail, barge, short sea shipping, road)
Inlands distribution and cargo tracking
Ancillary services and container repair and maintenance
5
PCL provider at the key container ports in the UK
Port Authority and PCL
provider
PCL services by
another Port
Authority
PCL services by a
third party (e.g. 3PL
or retailer)
Port of Felixstowe ● ● ●
Port of Southampton ●
Port of Tilbury ●
Port of Liverpool ●
Thamesport ●
Port of Grangemouth ●
Belfast Harbour ● ●
Port of Hull ●
Tees and Hartlespool ●
Port of Immingham ●
Bristol ●
Clyde ●
Tyne ● ●
London Gateway ● 6
Critique and relevance for the UK distribution system
7
Critique
PCL is an extension of already
applied practices observed
(Pettit and Beresford 2009, Monios and Wilmsmeier 2012,
Rodrigue and Notteboom 2010, Demirbas et al. 2014)
Relevance for UK
Increased imports – vast majority by
seaports as a result of new sourcing
patterns
UK Distribution network developed in
the 80s is no longer efficient
Need for reconfiguration according to
the notion that maritime freight passes
through ports
PCL is a vital aspect of this new
design
PCL as a lagged strategic
response of UK ports and
other type of organisations
that aim to increase their
value proposition by the
addition of logistics VAS
Research Objectives
1. Increase the understanding of PCL and the
nature of organisations that offer these
services.
2. Identify the reasons why various types of
companies offer PCL services.
3. Identify how PCL providers perceive value.
8
Methodology
Qualitative exploratory research – enhance
the understanding regarding PCL and the value
perceived by their provider of PCL services
Phase 1 – Development of research
propositions
Phase 2 – Primary Data collection
9
Identification of drivers of servitisation
Financial
(2 propositions)
Strategic
(3 propositions)
Marketing
(3 propositions)
Environmental
(1 proposition)
Servitisation Drivers
10 ● Baines et al. 2009 ● Zahir et al. 2013
Systematic Literature Review of PCL literature
1 • Collection of relevant material
2 • Descriptive analysis of the collected material
3 • Category selection
4 • Material evaluation
4 steps followed by Seuring and Müller 2008
Conceptual Framework 11
Initial literature search findings
12
Type of publication Number of publications
Academic papers in peer reviewed
journals
34
Government reports 6
Conference papers 6
Periodical publications 28
White papers 3
TOTAL 77
Keyword search in major business management databases such as:
Elsevier, Emerald, Business Source Premier,
and library services such as:
EBSCO.
Distribution of PCL related papers among academic peer reviewed journals
13
Name of Journal Number of papers Maritime Economics and Logistics 5 Maritime Policy and Management 5
International Journal of Production Economics 3
Journal of Transport Geography 3
International Journal of Logistics Management 2
International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management 2
Supply Chain Management: An international Journal 2 Transport Reviews 2
European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 1
International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications 1
Journal of Management and Science 1 Land Use Policy 1 OR Insight 1 Research in Transport Economics 1
Research in Transportation Business and Management 1 Research in Transportation Economics 1 Transport Policy 1 Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 1
34 papers in 18 academic peer reviewed journals
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Number of papers 1 3 6 9 7 5 3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Distribution of PCL related academic papers over the period 2008-2014
14
*
• : 2014 (January-June)
1. Financial aspect
15
a. PCL providers experience higher profit margins and
increased revenue by the provision of VAS
b. The provision of PCL services can be perceived as a
stable source of revenue
2. Strategic aspect
16
a. PCL providers achieve CA by the addition of value
capabilities
b. The provision of PCL VAS enables the creation of
SCA
c. PCL providers can achieve differentiation by the
provision of those services
3. Marketing aspect
17
a. PCL can be perceived as a response to the increased
demand for warehousing and other logistics VAS at the
points of import.
b. Provision of VAS as tailored solutions
c. PCL creates customer loyalty and supplier
dependency that will develop transactional exchanges
to long term relationships (stronger network
capabilities).
4. Environmental aspect
18
PCL enables the creation of environmental benefits
based on increased container load utilisation and
reduction in road kilometres
Phase 2 – Primary data collection
Face to face or telephone interviews with PCL
providers in the UK (POC, 3PLs, retailers)
June 2014
Participation in industry conference for the
establishment of initial contacts
August 2014
Identification of “persons of interest” – purposive
and expert sampling
19
Phase 2 – Primary data collection
September 2014
Pilot study - one representative from each type of
PCL provider
October 2014 - ongoing
Invitations in waves to potential participants.
Starting point “key PCL provider” at each of the
targeted port networks
“snowball effect” for further contacts
Target 35 interviews – long way to go…
20
Thank you for your attention!
21