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Propagation by Division
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PROPAGATION BY DIVISION
Presented by Sheryl Williams
Spring 2002
What is Division?
Separation of the crown of a plant into smaller pieces for propagation or to rejuvenate a plant
Each piece must have at least one bud (or eye) for new growth and
Some roots
Benefits of Division
Rejuvenate mature plants Acquire several small portions complete with
– Roots– Shoots
Can immediately be planted as new plants
What Cannot be divided?
Species that do not form a crown or have underground stems.
Candytuft, Iberis, grows entirely from a single stem, like a little tree.
Lavender and rosemary are the same.
When to Divide
Rule is:– If it blooms in Spring, divide in Fall– If it blooms in Fall, divide in Spring
When the plants are not in active growth If flower in spring, wait until they have bloomed Avoid extreme heat or cold
How do we know if a plant needs to be divided?
Has the plant outgrown it’s allotted space? Has the number of flowers decreased over the
last few years? Does the plant flop open? Does the plant have an open center?
Divide when a plant has outgrown it’s spot
Divide when a plant flops open in the middle
Clara Curtis Chrysanthe-mum
Why does this happen?
Perennials are non woody plants Majority make their new growth from the base,
or crown Majority roots or rhizomes spread Plants form clumps
How plants grow – exampleAlfalfa crown
The crown is the over wintering stem tissue The crown and root tissue store carbohydrates
(food) produced through photosynthesis Crown buds produce the vegetative regrowth
following harvest or Produce branch rhizomes.
Alfalfa crown 2
Branch rhizome is the structure from which new growth will initiate in the spring
The Branch rhizomes grow outward and upward increasing the circumference of the plant
The crown increases in size each year.
Alfalfa plant diagram
Lab 1 – Examine the samples
What kind of structure do you have?– Spreading– Clumping– Fleshy– Rhizome
How a plant dies
out in the
middle
Prepare to Divide
Prepare beds for the new plants ahead of time, adding organic matter and fertilizer
If you can’t replant immediately, heel in your divisions while you are preparing the beds
Replant as soon as possible
Dig up the Plant
Carefully pry up the plant, inserting the fork at an angle several inches outside
Work all around the plant, lifting gently until the clump comes free from the soil.
Set the plant down and slice through the crown
Use a spade if the plant is woody.
Divide the clump into as many smaller pieces as desired
Be sure each piece has vigorous shoots
How to Divide
Cut away the woody or hard, unproductive center of the old plant, using shoots only from the outer part of the clump
Shake or wash them free of soil– You can see the natural lines of division– Avoid damaging the roots, buds or shoots
Prune Back
Any dead or damaged foliage Trim some of the top if the top is too lush for
the roots Plant divisions at the same depth as the
original plant
Don’t let the roots dry out
Heel the cuttings in Either moist soil mix or peat Plastic storage crates are great
How to Divide small plants
Small plants can be pulled apart
Back to Back Garden Forks
Great for large fibrous-rooted perennials.
Place garden forks back to back and lever the forks back and forth to loosen the roots.
Rhizomes can be cut apart with a knife
Autumn Joy Sedum
Cut in half
Techniques for Dividing Perennials
List courtesy of Fine Gardening Magazine– http://Taunton.com/finegardening/pages/g00022.asp
Chart of which tool to use to divide which perennial
Also includes some perennials to leave alone
How to Plant your new divisions
Cover plants with sun protection– Burlap– Boxes– Paper pots
Apply mulch
Where to get more information
American Horticultural Society, Plant Propagation, Alan Toogood Editor in Chief
The Well Tended Perennial Garden; Planting and Pruning Techniques by Tracy DiSabato-Aust
Helpful websites
http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/botany/plantparts.html plant botany for lay people
http://www.savvygardener.com/Features/when_to_didvide_perennials.html (yes it is spelled incorrectly) chart of when to divide plants
http://behnke.com/Library/perenniallibrary.htmlDifferent methods of propagating plants