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How to encourage cooperation
Citation preview
How to Encourage
Cooperation
Political Scientist Robert Axelrod
asked game theory experts to submit computer
programs designed to
prevail in game providing rewards either for refusing
to cooperate or for cooperating
when the programs
encountered other programs
TIT FOR TAT
1st encounter with any program, Tit for Tat cooperates
2d encounter: Tit for Tat did what the other program did on previous encounter
Tit for Tat never gets repeatedly
victimized &never gets locked into
mutually costly chains
of mutual betrayal
Simple conditional cooperation is more infectious than unmitigated meanness
if tit for tat had been tossed into the game
with 49 steadfast non-cooperators,
there would have been a 49-way tie for first place
Robert Wright, The Moral Animal
Most of Tit for Tat’s neighbors were designed to cooperate under at least
some circumstances
We are designed to cooperate under at least some circumstances
When volunteers playing the Prisoner’s
Dilemma Game cooperated
with one another, the “reward circuits” of their brains were
activated, the same regions that are activated when
certain drugs are taken or when good
fortune befalls us Emory University Professor Gregory Berns.
How Do You Play Tit for Tat?
Cooperate Retaliate for Betrayal
Forgive Return to Cooperation