@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

You always dreamt of your own quantum computer. Now you

can have it in the Cloud.Eric Cattoir

IBM

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Agenda

• Introduction to the IBM Quantum Experience • The Quantum Composer • Basic Quantum Computing Building Blocks • Some Quantum Algorithms • Quantum Error Correction • Reference Information

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Agenda

• Introduction to the IBM Quantum Experience • The Quantum Composer • Basic Quantum Computing Building Blocks • Some Quantum Algorithms • Quantum Error Correction • Reference Information

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

New Computing Options

• The end of Moore’s law and Traditional Turing Computing Models

4

Quantum Computing Neuromorphic ComputingSyNAPSE – TrueNorth Speed and efficiency

Approximate ComputingQuantum superposition

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Possible Applications

• Revolution in Cryptography • Breaking keys, but also new way to securely transfer data

• Medicine and Materials • Even basic molecules like Caffeine are too complex to fully

simulate with a traditional computer

• Machine Learning • Real time processing of complex data E.g. images

• Search Algorithms and Big Data • Mathematical proof of much better search efficiency (see Grover

Algorithm)

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Quantum computing makes use of quantum physics, also called quantum mechanics, to perform calculations in a manner radically different than conventional models of computation. The power of the quantum computer is that it is based on a logic that is not limited merely to on-or-off, true-or-false scenarios. Quantum computing has bits, just like any computer. But instead of ones and zeros, quantum bits, or qubits, can represent a one, a zero, or both at once, which is a phenomenon known as superposition. The superposition that occurs in a quantum system is so different to that which occurs in classical systems that it can allow two of these qubits to behave in ways that cannot be explained by the individual components. This is called entanglement. These more complex calculations can be used to re-imagine computing.

What is Quantum Computing

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Square Quantum Bit Design 2015• The optical image shows all components of the device,

including the four qubits, Q1–Q4, the four readout resonators R1–R4 and the four coupling buses B12,B23,B34 and B41.

• The readout resonators also serve as qubit control lines, with single-and two-qubit gates applied at frequencies ωi with i∈{1,2,3,4}.

• Readout is performed at the resonator frequency ωMi. Each readout signal is reflected off a Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA), pumped at frequency ωPi, before being sent to a High-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) amplifier at 4K.

• A blow up of one of the qubits is also shown, depicting the capacitor geometry as well as the coupling lines to the readout resonator and to the buses.

• The black scale bar represents a length of 100µm.http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms5015

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

The Qubit Construct

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

From QBits to Quantum Computer

• 2016 5 QBit Processor

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

From QBits to Quantum Computer

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

From QBits to Quantum Computer

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

From QBits to Quantum Computer

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

https://youtu.be/jf7D8snlsnQ

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

IBM Quantum Experience

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Agenda

• Introduction to the IBM Quantum Experience • The Quantum Composer • Basic Quantum Computing Building Blocks • Some Quantum Algorithms • Quantum Error Correction • Reference Information

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Accessing the Quantum Experience

• http://www.research.ibm.com/quantum/ • Create a free Account • Access to Simulator and Real Quantum Computer • Based on Credits

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

The Quantum Composer

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Ideal vs Real Quantum Processor

• Real one takes into account the limitations of the actual circuit design

• Ideal simulator : all QBits are equal

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Random Generator

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Measurement Representations

Quantum Sphere

|00000>

|11111>

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Agenda

• Introduction to the IBM Quantum Experience • The Quantum Composer • Basic Quantum Computing Building Blocks • Some Quantum Algorithms • Quantum Error Correction • Reference Information

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Pauli Gates

• Base QBit States

• Pauli Operators

Bit Flip or Not Y axis rotation Z axis rotation

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Superposition

• Achieving Superposition

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Conjugate State- Diagonal Basis

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Circular Basis

• Combination of Hadamard and Phase gates

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Bloch Sphere

• QBit state

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Cardinal States

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

CNOT Gate

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Non Clifford Gates

• Clifford Gates • non Clifford Gates

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Agenda

• Introduction to the IBM Quantum Experience • The Quantum Composer • Basic Quantum Computing Building Blocks • Some Quantum Algorithms • Quantum Error Correction • Reference Information

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Deutsch-Josza Algorithm

• f(x) = 0 or 1 • f(x) is either constant or balanced • x is n-bit string

• Classical solution might take 2n-1+1 evaluations

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Use of an Oracle

• Step 1. Initialize qubits in the all-zeros state . • Step 2. Apply the Hadamard gate to each qubit. • Step 3. Apply the oracle circuit . • Step 4. Repeat Step 2. • Step 5. Measure each qubit.

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Deutsch-Josza Algorithm

• Quantum solution

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Grover’s Algorithm

• Traditional Search • N/2 on average, N worst case

• Quantum Solution sqrt(N) • Oracle

• f(x)=0 except f(w)=1

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Grover’s Algorithm

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Grover’s Algorithm

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Agenda

• Introduction to the IBM Quantum Experience • The Quantum Composer • Basic Quantum Computing Building Blocks • Some Quantum Algorithms • Quantum Error Correction • Reference Information

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Decoherence

• T1 Decay time from |1> to |0> • T2 Dephasing • Affects superposition states

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Improvement over time

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Agenda

• Introduction to the IBM Quantum Experience • The Quantum Composer • Basic Quantum Computing Building Blocks • Some Quantum Algorithms • Quantum Error Correction • Reference Information

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Reference Information

• IBM Quantum Experience

• Quantum Future Report • University of Barcelona

Research paper • Experimental test of Mermin inequalities on

a five qubit quantum computer

• Quantum Computer Science - David Mermin

• Quantum Computation and Quantum Information - Michael Nielsen, Isaac Chuang

• The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol 3 - Richard Feynman, Robert Leighton, Matthew Sands

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

IBM videos about Quantum • The future of supercomputers? A quantum chip colder than outer space | Jerry Chow | TED

Institute https://youtu.be/VsBuuwGj3zs

• 360 of Quantum Computing Lab: Inside the IBM Research Quantum Computing Lab / https://youtu.be/jf7D8snlsnQ

• Quantum Computing Lab Walkthrough: A Tour of the IBM Quantum Computing Lab / https://youtu.be/KZf4BSmgdO4

• Quantum in the Cloud Overview: Introducing the Quantum Age of Computing and bringing Quantum Computing to the Cloud / https://youtu.be/DZ2DcILZAbM

• Quantum Experience Web Tool: The IBM Quantum Experience / https://youtu.be/pYD6bvKLI_c

• IBM Fellow Charles Bennett: A Founder of Quantum Information Theory / https://youtu.be/9q-qoeqVVD0

• The golden age of quantum https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEgWr2n14uI

• Inside quantum minds (CAI) / https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sp2A5JASLZs

• Investing in a quantum future (CAI) / https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ph7dMRvfdfQ

IBM: IBM Brings Quantum Computing to the Cloud

IBM: Inside the IBM Research Quantum Computing Lab

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

Additional selected articles• Bloomberg: Quantum Computers Entice Wall Street Vowing Higher Returns

• ComputerWorld: Quantum computing may be moving out of science fiction

• CSI Communications: Quantum Computing

• Eurasia Review: The Quantum Leap Into Computing And Communication: A Chinese Perspective – Analysis

• Fast Company: The Golden Age of Quantum Computing is upon us (once we solve these tiny problems)

• Forbes: Quantum Computing: From Theory To Reality

• Fortune: Microsoft Simulator Brings Quantum Computing One Step Closer to the Masses

• IJSEAS: Understanding Quantum Computing

• MIT Technology Review: Google’s Quantum Dream Machine

• Netherlands Enterprise Agency: Alibaba Group invests in joint quantum computing laboratory

• Science Alert: Quantum computing explained in less than 2 minutes

• TechRepublic: Quantum computing: The smart person’s guide

• The Economist: A little bit, better

• Wired: For Google, Quantum Computing is like learning to fly

The Economist: A little bit, better

“Quantum computing is moving from theory and experimentation into engineering and applications.” TechCrunch

12May2016

“It is likely that we are on the cusp of a new age in computing called quantum computing. This new area of computing will represent the biggest breakthrough in computer technology since the invention of the microprocessor.” IBM MD&I

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience

IBMers to follow on Twitter• Dario Gil, VP of Science & Solutions: https://twitter.com/dariogila

• Jay Gambetta, Manager, Theory of Quantum Computing and Information: https://twitter.com/jaygambetta

• Jerry Chow, Manager, Experimental Quantum Computing: https://twitter.com/jmchow

• Charles Bennett, IBM Fellow: https://twitter.com/chdbennett

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LikdmXfWO2A