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The coming cost of OA compliance, and how we can reduce it

Alicia Wise

4 February 2016

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Global approach to open access Asia Pacific• China: CAS & NSF; gold or green open

access, deposit within 12 months• ARC & NHMRC in Australia have 12

month self-archive mandate, as does A*Star in Singapore

• Other funders considering policy

Africa• Developing repositories• Publishers enabling philanthropic access• New open access journals to support

local research needs• Some institutions have open access

mandates, but no policies from any funders or Governments

Europe• Focused on a mix of gold & green open access• UK funder mandates focused on gold (Research

Councils UK & Wellcome Trust)• Green open access mandates in Italy & Spain • All EU members formulating open access policies at

either national, funder or institutional level.

North America and Canada• US Federal Agencies formulating policies following OSTP memo

e.g.• NIH: gold or green; deposit to PMC within 12 months• DOE: green (or gold); public access within 12 months via

PAGES and CHORUS• NSF: gold or green; public access within 12 months• CHORUS working with DOD, DOE, NSF, etc.

• Canada active in OA discussions and looking at gold and green• Tri-Agency policy: gold or 12 month deposit mandate• Gates Foundation: gold open access

Latin America• Focus on green open access• Argentina: MINCYT introduced 6

month deposit mandate• Brazil: Government formulating

green open access policy• Mexico: OA legislation passed to

support repository development

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EU open access developments: mixed approach

National policy: Each member state to develop own approach and report annually.

Compliance rates depend on:• Implementation of policy (consulting with stakeholders such as

institutions & publishers) • Willingness to provide additional funds for APC’s and/or

consideration over length of embargo periods • Tracking and enforcement of policy • Researcher education and awareness

Green open access focus

Gold open access focusMixed open access focus

Immediate gold OA or green within 6 months (12 months for social sciences)

1st funder to begin enforcement by withholding grant money due to non OA policy compliance

• Denied 63 grants in 2013• Compliance is currently at 69%, up from

55% in 2012 (56% in Elsevier journals)

Examples:

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4Elsevier geographical breakdown of gold open access publishing23% US & Canada(+1% in 2014)

16% Rest of world1% Unknown

16% Asia(+6% in 2014)

49% Western Europe(-3% in 2014)

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450+Open access journals

Elsevier and open access • Actively engage

• Support both gold and green OA• Test and learn

• Developing systems and technology to implement OA • Working with funders, institutions and authors

• Offer choice• Respect the academic freedom of authors • Offer various ways for authors to comply with funder and

institutional policies• Maintain focus on quality

Green open accessGold open access• All journals offer authors an option to self

archive

• Share link service provides 50 days free access to recently published research

• Pilot partner in the CHORUS initiative

• Open archives in 103 journals, including all Cell Press titles after 12 months.

1625+Hybrid journals

All journals Offer green OA options

• Launching new open access journals and all established journal offer an OA option

• Choice of either a commercial (CC BY) or non-commercial (CC-BY-NC-ND) user license.

• Article publishing charges (APCs) range from $500- $5000 (US Dollars)

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Scholarly collaboration networks (SCNs).

• Relatively new players in the scholarly communication chain

• Lots to choose from! • Enable researchers to share information,

participate in discussions and collaborate.• Can facilitate sharing of either full text and/or links

What are they?

Some are already working with publishers!

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Example– MyScienceWorkwww.MyScienceWork.com, a Scientific Social Network is using our APIs to let their users search, view, and even annotate and share ScienceDirect content on their website.

2. Green check mark indicates the user is entitled

to view the full textUsing Article Entitlements

API3. First page preview from

ScienceDirect API (not counted as full-text

download), using the Article Retrieval

API

1. Search results based on indexed XML/

structured meta data from the SD Search

API

3. User can read and annotate ScienceDirect embedded articles on Mysciencework.com

Using the Article Retrieval API

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• STM Taskforce developed formed of both publishers and SCNs.

• Resulted in issuing “Principles for article sharing on Scholarly Collaboration Networks”.

• Key highlights- “Sharing should be allowed within academic groups” - “Measure the amount and type of sharing using

standards such as COUNTER”- “Publisher policies on academic group sharing and

public posting of journal articles should be clear and easily discoverable”

Seamless sharing

• Fragmented metrics • Preserving the scholarly record• Incorrect sharing • No standard reporting

There are some issues…

Getting the basic rules of sharing right

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CHORUS – a partnership between funders and publishers

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•Author submits, names funding source

•Publisher creates metadata; sends via CrossRef and open APIs

Identification

•Publisher makes full text available to index

•Agency portals•Common search engines

•CHORUS search

Discovery•Version of record for subscribers and gold OA articles

•Accepted manuscript for guests after embargo period

Access at publisher

•CHORUS dashboard provides reports and services to funding agencies

Compliance

•Preservation partners: Portico, CLOCKSS

Preservation

How does CHORUS work?

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• Coverage• Metadata, abstracts, and full text for

indexing• Over 30,000 articles by UF authors from

1949 forward • Links to ScienceDirect for access

Collaborating through linking: Elsevier APIs for Institutional Repositories

Elsevier provides APIs:1. Content Identification API;

• Retrieve Metadata, abstracts and full text• From Jan 2016 it will include article

embargo end dates2. Entitlements API

• Direct users to best available version3. Article retrieval API

• Display full text articles on local IR pages via links

Why link? • Cost effective• Maximizing research impact for articles• Delivering the best available • Displaying the article in context• Assuring the reliability and trustworthiness of content•

Implemented on SobekCM Platform