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Table 2. OncoNetwork validation of the Ion AmpliSeq™ RNA Fusion Lung
Cancer Research Panel
ALK concordance
• 130 previously characterized FFPE lung tumor samples were sequenced
• 44 were known to contain an ALK fusion based on current detection methods, of those, 40 were
confirmed through AmpliSeq™ and 3 were confirmed via 3'-5' imbalance.
• There were no false positives observed in this data set
• 1 RET and 3 ROS1 fusions were detected from samples not previously tested for RET and ROS1
fusions
• >96% concordance – all non-concordant samples will be retested by FISH
Figure 8. Sensitivity – Ion Reporter™ heatmap of target counts from ALK
positive FFPE lung RNA titrated into fusion negative FFPE lung RNA
• FDA requires FISH assays to have a limit of detection above15% to be positive
• EML4-ALK fusion was detected down to10%
• Similar experiment performed by ARUP – Serial dilution of H2228 (ALK+ cell line) into RNA from
from ALK-negative FFPE tumor sample
• Detected the ALK fusion at 50%, 10%, and 5%
• Detected the ALK fusion in 1 of 2 at 1%
• Experiment also performed by titrating H2228 cell line into Human Brain Reference RNA (negative
for fusions) at 100%, 50%, 15%, 5%, 1%, and 0%
• Detected ALK fusion down to 1%
Figure 7. Ion Reporter™ heatmap of target counts from fusion positive cell
line mixture showing high reproducibility between OncoNetwork sites
Figure 6. ALK 3’-5’ expression imbalance of 75 well characterized FFPE lung
cancer samples
Figure 5. AmpliSeq™ RNA Lung Fusion single sample workflow in Ion
Reporter™ 4.2
Figure 4. Library and sequencing workflow for detection of fusion
transcripts
Figure3. 5’ and 3’ Expression Imbalance Amplicons
Figure 1. The OncoNetwork Consortium
Verification of an Ion AmpliSeq™ RNA Fusion Lung Cancer
Research Panel, workflow, and analysis solution: an
OncoNetwork collaborative research study Jose Cienfuegos1, Kelli Bramlett1, Susan M. Magdaleno1, Angie Cheng1, Rosella Petraroli1, Mary Budagyan1, Fiona Hyland1, Rajesh Gottimukkala1, Orla Sheils2, Bastiaan Tops3, Delphine Le Corre4, Henriette
Kurth5, Helene Blons4, Eliana Amato6, Andrea Mafficini6, Anna Maria Rachiglio7, Anne Reimann8, Christoph Noppen5, Chrysanthi Ainali1, Jin Katayama1, Renato Franco9, Harriet Feilotter10, Paul C. Park10,
Jeoffrey Schageman1, Ian Cree8, Jose Luis Costa11, Alain Rico1, Aldo Scarpa6, Jose Carlos Machado11, Kazuto Nishio12, Nicola Normanno7, Marjolijn Ligtenberg3, Cecily P. Vaughn13, Ludovic Lacroix14, Pierre
Laurent-Puig4. 1Life Technologies, CA;2Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; 3Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands;4Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; 5VIOLLIER AG Basel,
Switzerland; 6ARC-NET University of Verona, Italy; 7Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Italy; 8Warwick Medical School, United Kingdom; 9Surgical Pathology, Instituto Nazionale Tumori
"Fondazione Pascale", Napoli, Italy; 10Queen's University, ON, Canada; 11IPATIMUP, University of Porto, Portugal; 12Kinki University Faculty of Medicine Osaka, Japan; 13ARUP Institute for Clinical and
Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT; 14Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR) Paris, France
ABSTRACT
Fusion transcripts resulting from translocation events in the oncogenic driver
genes ALK, RET, ROS1, and NTRK1 play an important role in lung
adenocarcinoma. There is a need to detect these fusion transcripts with up to
date technologies as they may serve as viable therapeutic targets. We have
utilized a targeted sequencing approach and developed an Ion AmpliSeq™ RNA
Lung Fusion panel, a workflow, and an Ion Reporter™ analysis solution to detect
these known fusion events. The panel detects transcripts from 37 ALK, 9 RET, 15
ROS1, and 11 NTRK fusion variants along with 5 housekeeping genes to serve
as internal controls. The workflow is FFPE compatible requiring an input of only
10 ng of total RNA with the capacity to multiplex up to 16 libraries on a single Ion
318™ chip. The panel was initially validated using 10ng of total RNA from a
cocktail of 3 cell lines containing known lung cancer fusions (H2228 – EML4-ALK
variant 3a and 3b, HCC78 – SLC34A2-ROS1 and LC-2/ad – CCDC6-RET). The
library was sequenced using the Ion PGM™ system and analyzed with the
AmpliSeq™ RNA Lung Fusion workflow in Ion Reporter™. Analysis showed that
the positive control sample contained all expected fusions and control genes and
reported zero false positives fusions. This multiplexed fusion transcript targeted
sequencing solution is currently being validated by all members of the
OncoNetwork Consortium who will test lung cancer tissue samples that have
been well characterized by FISH, real-time PCR, IHC, and/or massarray. Initial
results from OncoNetwork Consortia members reveal 100% concordance
between the AmpliSeq™ RNA Lung Fusion panel and FISH in 25 lung tissue
samples.
INTRODUCTION Life Technologies is collaborating with an international consortium for the
development of a lung fusion panel. The OncoNetwork (see figure below) is
comprised of twelve-translational cancer research institutes with many years of
experience in adopting the latest molecular techniques like next generation
sequencing (NGS)- for lung research. The collaboration resulted in the
development of the Ion AmpliSeq™ RNA Fusion Lung Cancer Research Panel,
which is currently undergoing validation by all the members. The panel utilizes
the Ion AmpliSeq™ technology for gene fusion detection and targets over 70
fusion transcripts associated with the lung cancer driver genes ALK, RET, ROS1,
and NTRK1. The panel also includes 5’ and 3’ gene expression assays for each
of the four driver genes to use as coarse indicators of a translocation event and
assays for 5 internal control genes. This robust workflow is compatible with
formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue, requiring only 10ng of total RNA
and able to multiplex up to 16 libraries on a single Ion 318™ chip. An integrated
analysis solution has also been developed to detect present fusions and is
currently available in Ion Reporter™ Software 4.2 as the AmpliSeq™ RNA Lung
Fusion single sample workflow. Currently, validation of the Ion AmpliSeq™ RNA
Fusion Lung Cancer Research Panel and workflow shows high reproducibility
and sensitivity and concordance with other methods of fusion detection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
OncoNetwork members isolated RNA from FFPE lung tissue using either the
Ambion® RecoverAll™ Total Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit or the Qiagen AllPrep
DNA/RNA FFPE kit. At least 10ng of total RNA was reverse transcribed using the
SuperScript® VILO™ cDNA Synthesis Kit followed by library generation using the
Ion AmpliSeq™ Library Kit 2.0 and the Ion AmpliSeq™ RNA Fusion Lung Cancer
Research Panel. Barcodes were utilized during library generation using the Ion
Xpress™ Barcode Adapters. Libraries were quantified using either the Qubit®
DNA assay or the Ion Library Quantitation Kit then pooled for sequencing. 8-16
libraries were multiplexed and templated using the Ion OneTouch2™ System with
the Ion PGM™ Template OT2 200 Kit. They were then sequenced using the Ion
PGM™ Sequencing 200 v2 kit on an Ion 316™ v2 or 318™ v2 chip. After
sequencing, unaligned bam files were transferred to the Ion Reporter™ Software
4.2 and analyzed using the AmpliSeq™ RNA Lung Fusion single sample
workflow.
RESULTS
Table 1. 3’-5’ expression imbalance empirical cutoff values for ALK, RET,
and ROS1
Fusion Cell line: Dilution series into normal cell line
Library preparation Template preparation
Ion PGM sequencing
Data analysis
Ion Reporter™ Software
Ion PGM™ System
Ion OneTouch 2 System
Entire analytical
workflow contained
within Ion Reporter™
Software v4.2 or later
-0.09-0.075
-0.06-0.045
-0.03-0.015
00.015
0.030.045
0.060.075
0.090.105
0.120.135
0.150.165
0.180.195
0.210.225
0.240.255
0.270.285
0.30.315
0.330.345
0.360.375
0.390.405
0.420.435
0.450.465
0.48
1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951535557596163656769717375
ALK Present
ALK Absent
3’-
5’ I
mbala
nce
Samples with known truths
• The 3’-5’ Imbalance values
were plotted for 75 FFPE
lung cancer samples that
were previously tested with
other technologies.
• There is a correlation
between low imbalance
values that do not contain
a fusion (in red).
• Samples that contain a
fusion (in blue) all contain
higher imbalance values.
• Similar plots were
generated for RET and
ROS1 to provide
guidelines on whether a
translocation took place.
BC
1-1
00
%B
C2
-5
0%
BC
3-
25
%B
C4
-1
5%
BC
5-
10
%B
C6
-5
%B
C7
-1
%B
C8
-0
%B
C9
-10
0%
BC
10
-5
0%
BC
11
-2
5%
BC
12
-1
5%
BC
13
-1
0%
BC
14
-5
%B
C1
5-
1%
BC
16
-0
%
AmpliSeq™
+ -
Current methods + 40 4
- 0 80
Characterized samples AmpliSeq fusion calls
Collaborator
Cell line
Control
ALK
FISH +
ALK
FISH - ROS1+ RET+
Cell line
Control ALK +
Fusion
Neg ROS1+ RET+
INSERM 4 9 18 - - 4 8 19 0 0
Kinky 2 6 6 1 1 2 6 6 1 1
ARUP 1 9 15 3 1 1 8 16 3 1
ARC-NET 2 3 16 - - 2 3 14 2 0
IPATIMUP 1 4 10 - - 1 2 10 1 1
Queens 1 2 15 - - 1 2 15
Total 11 33 80 4 2 11 29 80 7 3
Figure 2. Ion AmpliSeq™ RNA Fusion Lung Cancer Research Panel primer
design strategy.
Design Strategy:
• Tm and GC% taken into consideration
• Length of amplicon size should be 115-150bp
• Avoid common SNPs
• Primers to produce amplicons such that
sequenced reads will extend through a fusion
breakpoint by at least 20 nt
• Avoid internal false priming of other amplicons
• Avoid primer dimers
• Avoid gene pair reciprocity (Donor
Acceptor interactions)
• In normal samples, we expect 5’ expression
and 3’ expression to be at equivalent level.
• In samples positive for fusion involving the
driver gene, there will be a significant
imbalance between 5’ expression and 3’
expression
ALK 3’-5’ Imbalance defined as:
[(3’ ALK count -5’ ALK count) /Sum of Expression Control Genes counts] CONCLUSIONS
We have developed an NGS workflow solution that enables simultaneous
detection of multiple variants of ALK, RET, ROS1, and NTRK1 gene fusion
transcripts in a single panel along with an integrated analysis solution.
The Ion AmpliSeq™ RNA Fusion Lung Cancer Research Panel shows: • Robust performance starting from low total RNA (10 ng) isolated from formalin
fixed paraffin embedded tissue • Excellent reproducibility : 100% reproducibility on the cell line control results • High sensitivity
• fusion transcripts can be detected in 10% fusion positive tumor RNA in the presence of 90% normal FFPE RNA
• Fusion transcripts can be detected in 1% of fusion positive cell line in the presence of 99% normal RNA
• Good concordance with other methods: > 96% concordance. • Straightforward analysis – complete solution using IR v4.2 software
AR
C-N
ET-1
AR
C-N
ET-2
AR
UP
INSE
RM
-1
INSE
RM
-2
INSE
RM
-3
INSE
RM
-4
Kin
ki-1
Kin
ki-2
Vio
llier
-1
Vio
llier
-2
• A mixture of 3 fusion positive cell
lines (H2228, HCC78, LC-2/ad) was
sequenced 11 times in 5 separate
sites.
• All samples detected the correct ALK,
RET, and ROS1 fusions.
• Each sample showed a consistent 3’
overrepresentation for ALK, RET, and
ROS1.
• The 5 expression control genes were
detected and consistent amongst all
samples.
• Similar results for all other sites
tested (data not shown).
Fu
sio
ns
3’-5
’
Imb
ala
nce E
xp
ressio
n
Co
ntro
ls
For Research Use Only. Not for use in Diagnostic Procedures.
© 2014 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo
Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries unless otherwise specified.