6. Eukaryotes coverings: 1. Either cell wall or cell membrane.
Plant cells have both. Animals cells have cell membrane only.
7. Cytoplasm
8. As mentioned in the previous lesson, cytoplasm is the
semisolid, semiliquid substance inside the cell which includes the
organelles.
9. Cytoplasm is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Cytoplasm + nucleus = protoplasm
10. Cytoplasm is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Cytoplasm + nucleus = protoplasm
11. Prokaryotes pro means before; karyon means nucleus
12. Eukaryotes eu means true; karyon means nucleus
13. Nucleus
14. The nucleus contains the DNA, which contains all the codes
necessary for life.
15. Prokaryotes have no true nucleus The DNA is suspended in a
dense part of cytoplasm called nucleoid region.
16. Eukaryotes have nucleus with a double membrane.
17. According to evolutionary theory, the complex nucleus of
eukaryotes originated from the nucleoid region of prokaryotes.
18. Thats why prokaryote means before nucleus (referring to
eukaryotes).
19. Major Comparisons (Summary)
20. Major Cellular Parts Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cells
(Animals) Eukaryotic Cells (Plants) Covering Capsule Cell wall
Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleoid region
21. Both pro- and eukaryotes perform the same biological
functions. The only difference is their structure.
22. Eukaryotes have a more complex structure and
organelles.
23. The Prokaryotic Cell (unicellular or w/ one cell)
24. The Prokaryotic Cell 1. Coverings 2. Cytoplasm 3.
Nucleus
25. 1. Coverings Capsule Cell wall Cell or plasma membrane
26. 1. Coverings Layer Location Composition Function Capsule
Outermost Glycocalyx (a sticky chemical/carbohydrat e) Attaches
prokaryotic cell to surface; protection and support Cell wall
Between capsule and plasma membrane Peptidoglycan Promotes
additional protection and support Plasma membrane innermost
Phospholipid bilayer Protection and support; passageway of
materials exiting and entering the cell
27. Also, locomotive organelles (ex. flagella) are also
attached to the plasma membrane to enable the organism to
move.
28. The flagella enables movement as it propels in a circular
way.
29. Another, the fimbriae, are appendages that function more
for adhesion (attachment to a surface) and lesser for movement. It
is also used in attaching the zygote in the mothers womb. Pili are
longer than fimbriae.
30. 2. Cytoplasm The semisolid/ semiliquid/ gel-like substance
that hold the internal parts (organelles) They have inclusions,
which store organic molecules and supply it if needed.
31. 3. Nucleoid region The dense region in cytoplasm that
contains the DNA.
32. 3. Nucleoid region Their DNA is called a plasmid. It is
circular or loop in shape, not double helix. Loop or circular DNA
(prokaryotes only) Double helix DNA (eukaryotes only)
33. 3. Nucleoid region Plasmids are important especially when
danger arises. Loop or circular DNA (prokaryotes only) Double helix
DNA (eukaryotes only)
34. 3. Nucleoid region When danger happens, a prokaryote
transfers the plasmid to another prokaryote. The process is called
conjugation. The pili serve as a spiked tube for transfer.
35. Pili are used like a needle to transfer the plasmid.
36. Short quiz tomorrow: (10 items) Study only Table 2.1
(p.103) and Table 2.2 (p.104) After the quiz, each group will
perform the Cell Theory Song. You may spend the remaining time to
practice your performance tomorrow.