Upload
jaleel-kn
View
43
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
periodic table
Citation preview
The Periodic Table
Describe the Periodic Table
OThe periodic table is a chemistry reference
OIt arranges all the known elements in an informative grid
Describe the Periodic Table
OElements are arranged left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number
OThis order usually coincides with increasing atomic mass
MENDELEEV PERIODIC TABLE
SYMBOLS
SYMBOL
IT IS THE SHORTEST WAY OF REPRESENTING THE ELEMENTS IN THE
PERIODIC TABLE
FIRST LETTER
ELEMENT SYMBOL
CarbonSulfur
HydrogenOxygenNitrogenFluorineBoronIodine
CSHONFBI
FIRST AND SECOND LETTER
ELEMENT SYMBOLLithiumHelium
Beryllium AluminumBromineCalciumNeon Argon
LiHeBeAlBrCa NeAr
FIRST AND THIRD LETTER
ELEMENT SYMBOLChlorine
MagnesiumManganeseAstatine Rubidium
ZincChromium Strontium
ClMgMnAtRbZnCrSr
FIRST AND FOURTH LETTER
ELEMENT SYMBOLCaesiumPlatinumThallium
Promethium Neodymium
TerbiumBerkelium
Einsteinium
CsPtTl
PmNdTbBkEs
FROM ITS ‛LATIN’ NAME
ELEMENTS LATIN NAME SYMBOL
SodiumPotassium
IronCopperSilver
TinAntimony
LeadMercury
GoldTungsten
NatriumKaliumFerrumCuprum
ArgentumStannumStibium
PlumbumHydragyrum
AurumWolfram
NaKFeCuAgSnSbPbHgAuW
Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each:A. Calcium
1) C 2) Ca 3) Cu
B. Sulfur
1) S 2) Sl 3) SiC. Iron
1) Ir 2) In 3) Fe
D. Magnesium
1) Mn 2) Ma 3) Mg
Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each:Select the correct name for each:A. N
1) Neon 2) Nitrogen 3) Nickel
B. P1) Potassium 2) Pollonium 3)
PhosphorusC. Al
1) Astatine 2) Argon 3) Aluminum
D. C 1)Carbon 2) Cobalt 3) Copper
1 TO 20
ELEMENTS
HYDROGENTO
CALCIUM
HYDROGENAt: No: 1Mass No:1Lightest gasUsed as a fuel
HELIUMAt: No: 2Mass No:4Lightest inert gasUsed to fill balloons
LITHIUMAt: No: 3Mass No:7Alkali metalLow density
BERYLLIUMAt: No: 4Mass No:9Alkaline Earth Metal
BORONAt: No: 5Mass No:11Non - metal
CARBONAt: No: 6Mass No:12Non-metal
NITROGENAt: No: 7Mass No:14Non-metal
OXYGENAt: No: 8Mass No:16Respiration
FLUORINEAt: No: 9Mass No:19Reactive non-metal
NEONAt: No: 10Mass No:20Inert gas
SODIUMAt: No: 11Mass No:23Alkali metal
MAGNESIUMAt: No: 12Mass No:24Alkaline Earth metal
ALUMINIUMAt: No: 13Mass No:27Metal
SILICONAt: No: 14Mass No:28Non - metal
PHOSPHOROUS
At: No: 15Mass No:31Non - metal
SULFURAt: No: 16Mass No: 32Non -metal
CHLORINEAt: No: 17Mass No: 35.5Greenish – yellow gas
ARGONAt: No: 18Mass No: 18Used to fill light bulbs
POTASSIUMAt: No: 19Mass No: 39Alkali metals
CALCIUMAt: No: 20Mass No: 40Alkaline Earth metals
The Periodic Table of the elements is a useful way of classifying the elements. A vertical column of elements in the periodic table is called a group.The elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties.The noble gases are a group of veryunreactive elements.
GROUPS
VERTICAL COLUMNS
ARE CALLED GROUPS
THERE ARE 8
GROUPS IN THE PERIODIC
TABLE
Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties.
They have the same number of valence electrons.
They will form the same kinds of ions.
1 st GROUPALKALI
METALS
2 nd GROUPALKALINE
EARTH METALS
3rdGROUPBORON FAMILY
4th GROUPCARBONFAMILY
5th GROUPNITROGEN
FAMILY
6th GROUPOXYGENFAMILY
7 th GROUPHALOGENS
8th GROUPNOBLE GASES OR INERT GASES OR
ZERO GROUPELEMENTS
d-BLOCK ELEMENTS
TRANSITION METALS
RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTSLANTHANIDE
S
RADIOACTIVE
ELEMENTSACTINIDES
PERIODS
HORIZONTAL ROWS
ARE CALLED PERIODS
THERE ARE 7
PERIODS
PERIODS SHOW THE NUMBER OF SHELLS IN AN ATOM
1 st PERIOD IS THE
SHORTEST PERIOD WITH 2 ELEMENTS
2nd AND 3rd PERIOD ARE THE SHORT
PERIODS WITH 8 ELEMENTS
4th AND 5th PERIOD ARE THE LONG
PERIODS WITH 18 ELEMENTS
6tH PERIOD IS THE LONGEST PERIOD WITH 32 ELEMENTS
7tH PERIOD IS THE
LONGEST INCOMPLETE
PERIOD
PERIODIC TABLE
GROUP – I ELEMENTSOLITHIUM
OSODIUM OPOTASSIUMORUBIDIUMOCESIUMOFRANCIUM
GROUP I ELEMENTS
O THEY ARE CALLED AS ALKALI METALSO THEY ARE SOFT AND CAN BE CUT WITH
KNIFEO THEY ARE HIGHLY REACTIVE METALSO THEY ARE STORED UNDER OILO THEY HAVE HIGH M.PT AND B.PTO THEY HAVE LOW DENSITYO THEY ARE GOOD CONDUCTORSO THAY ARE STRONG REDUCING AGENTS
THEY ARE STORED UNDER OIL
THEY REACT WITH WATER TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN
GAS AND AN ALKALI
THEY ARE SOFT AND CAN BE CUT WITH A
KNIFE
LITHIUM
SODIUM
POTASSIUM
KK
RUBIDIUMO Rb
CESIUMO Cs
GROUP – VII ELEMENTS
OFLUORINEOCHLORINEOBROMINEOIODINEOASTATINE
HalogensO Definition- nonmetallic elements in group 17, that have 7 electrons in the outer most energy level and combines with many metals to form salts- term comes from Greek means “salt former”
Salt: a compound composed of positive and negative ions arranged in a regular 3D pattern
- most reactive group of nonmetals- varying physical properties, similar chemical properties
GROUP – VII ELEMENTS
O THEY ARE VERY REACTIVE NON-METALSO THEY ARE STRONG OXIDISING AGENTSO THEY ARE POOR CONDUCTORSO THEIR M.PT & B.PT INCREASES DOWN THE GPO THEIR DENSITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUPO THEIR COLOUR INCREASES DOWN THE GPO THEIR REACTIVITY DECREASES DOWN THE GP
FLUORINE IS A PALE YELLOW GAS.
IT IS THE MOST REACTIVE NON- METAL
CHLORINE IS A GREENISH - YELLOW
GAS
BROMINE IS A REDDISH – BROWN
LIQUID
IODINE IS A PURPLE SOLID
ASTATINE IS A BLACK SOLID
DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
TEST FOR HALOGENS
COLOUR OF THE PPT
GROUP – VIII ELEMENTS
O THEY ARE CALLED AS ZERO GROUP ELEMENTS
O THEY ARE ALSO CALLED AS NOBLE OR INERT GASES
O THEY ARE COLOURLESS GASES AT R.T.PO THEIR OUTEROST SHELL IS
COMPLETELY FILLEDO THEY ARE NON-FLAMMABLEO THEY
Noble GasO Definition
- elements in group 18 that are characterized by low reactivity- term comes from noble people, did not associate with anyone other then their kind- characterized by an octet of electrons in the outermost energy level; (happy)
- exception of helium- very stable, (unreactive)- colorless, odorless- practical applications: balloons, illumination
INERT GASES
OHELIUMONEONOARGONOKRYPTONOXENONORADON
HELIUM
NEON
ARGON
KRYPTON
XENON
TRANSITION METALSO THEY ARE LOW REACTIVE METALSO THEY ARE HARD , ROUGH AND STRONGO THEY ARE USED TO MAKE ALLOYSO THEY FORM COLOUED COMPOUNDSO THEY ACT AS A CATALYSTO THEY HAVE DIFFERENT OXIDATION
STATEO THEY HAVE HIGH DENSITY, M.PT & B.PT
COPPER
SILVER
GOLD
MERCURY
IRON
PLATINUM
TUNGSTEN
CATALYSTOIT IS THE SUBATANCE THAT INCREASES THE SPEED OF THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHOUT ITSELF UNDER-GOING ANY CHEMICAL CHANGE
IRONO IT IS USED IN THE MANUFACTURING
OF AMMONIA BY HABER PROCESS
VANADIUM (V) OXIDEO IT IS USED IN THE MANUFACTURING
OF SULPHURIC ACID IN CONTACT PROCESS
TITANIUM CHLORIDEO IT IS USED IN POLYMERISATION
REACTIONS
MANGANESE(IV)OXIDE
O IT IS USED IN THE DECOMPOSITION HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
NICKELO IT IS USED IN THE HYDROGENATION
REACTIONS,IE IN THE PREPARATION OF MARGARINE
COLOURED COMPOUNDS
COPPER SALTS