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Showing major results, challenges and threats of climate. Explainnig proposed solution by Bioversity International. In particular, we investigate on the role of durum wheat genetic diversity to provide options to manage climate related risks and adaptation options to climate change. The solution proposed is tested against food security and climate change
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Understanding the role of genetic diversity to manage climate risksCarlo Fadda, Bioversity International7 April 2014, Intercontinentaladdis, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
An introduction to climate change
IPCC, 2001
Changes in TemperatureGlobal Warming
IPCC, 2001
Changes in RainfallGlobal Warming Climate Change
IPCC, 2007
www.globalwarmingart.com
Future: Different Emission Scenariosand Climate Models
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The impact of climate change
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The impact of climate change (Ethiopia)
Climate model projections under the A2 and B1 scenarios over Ethiopia show warming in all four seasons across the country, which may cause a higher frequency of heat waves as well as higher rates of evaporation
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Adaptation to climate change
Food security issues
• More than 200 million people in Africa, or 23% of the people, suffers from hunger, and despite declines experienced in the past six years
• About 40% of children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are underdeveloped due to malnutrition (IIED data)
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Food production needs to increase by 70% to 100%.
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Ejere2221 masl
K’ok’a1604 masl
Ch’efe Donsa2421 masl
K’ok’a current
Ejere current
Ch’efe Donsa current
Increasing temperature
K’ok’a 2020K’ok’a 2050
Ch’efe Donsa 2020
Ch’efe Donsa 2050Ejere 2020
Ejere 2050
Climate analogues between evaluation sites
-Don’t overestimate importance of climate analogues
-Introduced material from very different climates can perform unexpectedly well (examples of potato, pea, and barley varieties from warmer to cold climate )
-Importance of photoperiod (accessions collected in the same latitudinal zone have most potential)
-Importance of quarantine system for newly introduced material (prevent exchange of pest and diseases)
Observations of Vavilov (1935)
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The need for agricultural biodiversityThe heavy reliance on a narrow diversity of crops puts future food and nutrition security at risk.
Source: ‘Dimensions of Need: An atlas of food and agriculture’. FAO, 1995.
• Genetic diversity refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.
• Foundation of all improvements
• Used by generations of farmers
• Source of traits for:• Increased productivity• Resistance to biotic and
abiotic stresses
Genetic diversity
15Copyright © 2012 Bioversity International
On-farmtrial
Locally adaptedseed systems
On-stationtrial
Gene bankaccessions
The Seeds for Needs initiative
Crowdsourcing
m o l e c u l a r a n a l y s i sp h e n o t y p i n g
PARTICIPATORY VARIETY SELECTION AND BREEDING
GIS tools
Atlas
A global scope
(1) Geneticdiversity
(2) Selection &cultivation
(3) Harvest
(4) Value addition
(5) Marketing
(6) Final use
OutcomesEmpowerment of communities: more
resilient to eco-socio-economic changes, more resilient food systems
OutcomePreservation of options for resilient systems
OutcomeSelf-reliance of value chain actors on broader set of options, making them more resilient to market changes.
From farm to fork: biodiversity contribution along the value chain
IMPACTImproved nutrition,
incomes and other
livelihood benefits
The process
2. Each farmer gets a different combination of varieties
1. A broad set of varieties is evaluated
4. Farmers test and report back by mobile phone
2. Each farmer gets a different combination of varieties
3. Environmental data (GPS, sensors) to assess adaptation
1. A broad set of varieties is evaluated
6. Data are used to detect demand for new varieties and traits
5. Farmers receive tailored variety recommendations and can order seeds
The process
Temperature
TemperatureHumidity
Farmers’ preferences revealed through data analysis
Strengthening community seed systems
Institutional genebanks
(National, private, experimental stations, universities…)
Community seedbanks
CGIAR genebanks
International Genebanks
Regional genebanks
Private Sector
INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES AND LEGAL INSTRUMENTS International Treaty on
Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Seed multipliers and suppliers
NATIONAL PROGRAMMES
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRES
SMALL VULNERABLE FARMERS
Information
Germplasm
Diverse sets of planting materials enabling farmers to adapt to change
• Is a rapid approach to identify crop varieties
adapted to changing climates and markets
• Uses existing diversity
• Can be customized to local and marginal conditions around the world
• Directly responds to farmers’ needs
Seeds for Needs
www.bioversityinternational.org
Thank you